Chikondwerero cha Maghe Sankranti ku Nepal

Sankranti mu Chisanskrit amatanthauza 'kusintha' kapena kungoti 'kupita kuchokera pamalo ena kupita kwina.' Kotero, mwachidule, Maghe Sankranti Kumatanthauza kufika kwa Magh (माघ), mwezi wa 10 mu kalendala ya ku Nepal, motero umakondwerera tsiku loyamba la mwezi uno, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala pakati pa Januwale. Koma, mawu oti Sankranti amatanthauzanso kuyenda kwa dzuwa kuchokera ku chizindikiro chimodzi cha zodiac kupita ku china. Kumayambiriro kwa Magh, dzuwa limasanduka chizindikiro cha zodiac Makar(Capricorn), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Makar Sankranti. Chikondwerero cha Maghe Sankranti ku Nepal ndi ku India konse chimakondweretsedwa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimasonyeza kuyamba kwa masiku otentha pamene dzuwa likuyamba ulendo wake wakumpoto. (Uttarayan), kutha kwa nyengo yozizira. 

Maghe Sankranti ndi chikondwerero chodziwika bwino ku Nepal, motero, ndi chikondwerero chachikulu mdzikolo. Chikondwererochi chili ndi tanthauzo lachipembedzo komanso mbiri yakale pakati pa madera osiyanasiyana a ku Nepal. Chimaphatikiza miyambo yosiyanasiyana yomwe imapezeka ku Nepal konse. Ngakhale kuti kwa anthu ammudzi umodzi, ndi tsiku lokumbukira okondedwa awo omwe salinso. Anthu amasonkhana pamodzi kuti asangalale ndi maphwando, kuimba, ndi kuvina, zomwe zimawalola kuiwala nkhawa zawo. Mu Chihindu, kusiya thupi losafa ndikupeza nirvana ndi tsiku labwino kwambiri. Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri za Maghe Sankranti ku Nepal.

Kodi Maghe Sankranti Amakondwerera Bwanji ku Nepal? 

Madera osiyanasiyana amakondwerera Maghe Sankranti ngati chikondwerero chachikulu cha ku Nepal m'madera osiyanasiyana a Nepal. Kusonkhana pamalo amodzi, kuimba, kuvina, ndi kudya zakudya monga ghee, chaku (molasi wolimba wa Jaggery), ndi chizi ndi zofala m'madera osiyanasiyana. Umu ndi momwe Nepal imakondwerera limodzi mwa zikondwerero zake zazikulu. 

Misonkhano ndi Maphwando 

Mabanja ndi madera amasonkhana pa Maghe Sankranti kuti adye chakudya ndi kukambirana momasuka pa tsikuli, zomwe zikusonyeza kufunika kwa mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano. Ziwonetsero zakomweko zimakonzedwa mdziko lonse kuti anthu azisonkhana pamodzi, komwe amachita nawo masewera, kugula zinthu, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zachikhalidwe. 

Misonkhano siikwanira popanda maphwando. Anthu amadya mipira ya Chimanga, Ghee, Chaku, ndi Sweet m'mawa kwambiri. Pa ziwonetsero, amatha kufufuza zakudya zina monga batuk (chakudya chonga donati chopangidwa ndi nyemba zonyowa), nyama, kheer (mkaka ndi mpunga pudding), ndi yamori (ma dumplings okoma).

Kuyimba ndi Kuvina

Kuimba ndi kuvina ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chikondwerero cha Maghe Sankranti ku Nepal. Chikondwerero cha nyengo ya masika chimakondweretsedwa ndi nyimbo ndi magule achikhalidwe. Amuna ndi akazi amachita nawo limodzi chikondwererochi atavala zovala zachikhalidwe. Tharu imakondwerera Maghi ndi kuvina kwachikhalidwe kwa Jhumra ndi lathi (ndodo) kuvina pamene anthu ochita masewera a Maruni ndi Chisorathi. 

Kusamba mu Mitsinje Yopatulika

Maghe Sankranti amadziwika ndi Makar Snan, Kusamba koyamba mumtsinje woyera ndi olambira pa tsiku loyamba la Magh. Kusambaku kumayamba madzulo pambuyo poti mitengo ya nsungwi yaikidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Devghat, komwe Kaligandaki ndi Trishuli amakumana. Kusamba kumeneku kumachitika pamalo pomwe mitsinje itatu imakumana, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Triveni. Otsatira amakhulupirira kuti kusamba pa nthawi ya Maghe Sankranti mumtsinje woyera kumabweretsa mwayi wabwino ndipo kumayeretsa miyoyo yawo, kuwamasula ku machimo. Nazi zina mwa malo oti achite. makar snan; 

• Devghat of Nawalparasi 
• Chatara wa Sunsari 
• Banki ya Kaligandaki
• Setiveni of Parvat
• Bagmati Bank of Kathmandu Sankhamul
• Mtsinje wa Kankai wa Jhapa

Kuyendera Makachisi ndi Kulambira

Maghe Sankranti ndi chikondwerero chokondwerera kusintha kwa dzuwa kuchoka m'nyengo yozizira kupita ku nthawi yachilimwe. Chifukwa chake, olambira ambiri amalambira mulungu wa dzuwa chifukwa cha kufunika kwake m'chilengedwe ndi m'miyoyo ya anthu. Popeza ndi chikondwerero cha zokolola, anthu ambiri amalambira dzuwa ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakubereka mbewu. Kupereka madzi ku dzuwa (Arga) ndi mwambo wopembedza womwe umasonyeza ulemu ndi ulemu, ndipo umagwira ntchito ngati njira yolambirira mulungu wa dzuwa. Kupatula mulungu wa dzuwa, olambira amapitanso ku akachisi ndikulambira Ambuye Vishnu ndi Mulungu wamkazi Laxmi kuti akapeze chuma ndi chitukuko. 

Chikondwerero cha Kumenyana ndi Ng'ombe ku Nuwakot

Mudzi wawung'ono ku Nuwakot, Taruka, umakondwerera Maghe Sankranti mosiyana ndi Nepal yonse. Kuwonjezera pa kuimba ndi kuvina, chikondwererochi chimaphatikizapo kumenyana kwa ng'ombe ku Taruka. Anthu ambiri ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana a Nepal amapita kumudziwu tsiku loyamba la Magh kuti akaone ng'ombe zikumenyana m'bwalo lamasewera. 

Mbiri ya kumenyana kwa ng'ombe m'mudzi uno inayamba m'zaka za m'ma 18. Kalonga wa ku Bajhang, Jay Prithivi Bahadur Singh, ndiye anayambitsa mtunduwu m'mudzimo pamene anali kupita kunyumba kwa amalume ake. Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu a m'mudzimo akhala akuusunga ndipo akhala akuuchita kwa zaka 300 kuti azisangalala komanso kukondwerera chikondwererochi. Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwake, wakhalanso gwero la ndalama kwa ambiri chifukwa cha zokopa alendo zamkati. 

Kufunika kwa Maghe Sankranti kwa Madera Osiyanasiyana a Nepal

Chaka Chatsopano ngati Chikondwerero cha Magh kwa Anthu a Tharu

Maghe Sankranti amadziwikanso kuti Tila Sakranti, Maghi, kapena Khichara mu Tharu Community ndipo amakondwerera Chaka Chatsopano. Anthu a Tharu ali ndi kalendala ya mwezi yomwe imasiyana ndi ya ku Nepal. Tsiku loyamba la Magh limasonyeza kuyamba kwa nyengo yokolola pambuyo pa ntchito yayitali komanso yotopetsa kumunda. Ndi nthawi yosangalala ndi zipatso za ntchito yawo, chifukwa chokondwerera. Chifukwa chake, ndi chikondwerero cha kukolola kwa iwo.

Anthu a ku Tharu ku Nepal amatenga nawo mbali pamisonkhano ndi maphwando. Ndipo akuimba ndi kuvina. Achinyamata amayamba chaka chawo ndi madalitso pokhudza mapazi a akulu. Amalambira chilengedwe ndi mulungu wa dzuwa ndipo amasamba m'mitsinje yopatulika. Amavala zovala zatsopano, nthawi zambiri zoyera ndi zobiriwira, pokondwerera kufika kwa chaka chatsopano. Zobiriwira zimayimira chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe choyera chamtendere cha Tharu. Chokongoletsera chomwe amavala ndi siliva, choyimira mwezi. Chifukwa chake, Maghi ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwa anthu a ku Tharu chifukwa amadalira ulimi; tsikuli ndi lomwe onse amakondwerera kuchuluka kwa zokolola. 

Chaka Chatsopano cha Gulu la Kirant

Monga gulu la Tharu, gulu la Kirant lili ndi kalendala yakeyake, yomwenso ndi kalendala ya mwezi yotchedwa Yele SambatDzina lake limatchedwa dzina la mfumu yoyamba ya Kirant, Yalambar. Kathmandu idayamba kulamulidwa ndi Gopal Dynasty, ufumu woyamba kulamulira Nepal. Pambuyo poti Gopal Dynasty yafika ku Mahispala, mfumu ya Kirant, Yalambar, idagonjetsa ufumu wa Mahispala kuti itenge mpando wachifumu wa Kathmandu. Anachita izi ku Maghe Sankranti, komwe kumadziwika kuti chaka chatsopano cha anthu a Kirant. 

Chikondwerero Chofunika Kwambiri kwa Anthu a ku Magar

Maghe Sankranti imakondwereredwanso ndi anthu ammudzi wa Magar. Pamodzi ndi anthu ammudzi wa Tharu, imadziwika kuti ndi chikondwerero cha dziko lonse cha anthu ammudzi wa Magar. Maziko okondwerera chikondwerero chabwinochi ndi ofanana ndi a omadera awo: kutha kwa nyengo yozizira ndi kufika kwa masika. Mu mawu a Chimagar, pali mawu “udheli,” zomwe zikutanthauza pansi, zomwe ndi chimodzimodzi ndi Dakshinayan kapena winter solstice. Ndipo mawuwa “ubheli” zikutanthauza mmwamba, mofanana ndi Uttarayan kapena chilimwe. Nthawi zimenezi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu a ku Magar chifukwa zimawonetsa nthawi yoweta ziweto kuchokera ku malo odyetsera ziweto okwera, zomwe ndi ntchito yawo yaikulu yazachuma.

Maghe Sankranti amakondwerera ndi Magars kudzera misonkhano ndi maphwando, odzipereka kwambiri mu nyimbo ndi mavinidwe achikhalidwe cha Magar. Amaitana ana awo aakazi ndi akazi ena a m'banjamo ndi kuwalambira. Kupatula apo, amalambira "pitri” (mizimu ya milungu ya akufa) kwa masiku atatu. Pa tsikuli, anthu ambiri a ku Magar amachita nawo mwambo woponya mivi. Chifuwa Ndi chimodzi mwa zakudya zapadera za anthu a ku Magar pa tsikuli. Ndi chakudya chooneka ngati donati chokonzedwa pogaya nyemba zonyowa ndi mchere, tsabola, ndi turmeric, zomwe kenako zimayikidwa mu mafuta. 

Madalitso Ochokera kwa Akulu ku Newar Community

Gulu la Newar limatcha Maghe Sankranti “Ghyo Chaku Sanlhu."Ghyo amatanthauza ghee, Chaku amatanthauza molasses wolimba wa Jaggery, ndipo Sanhu amatanthauza tsiku loyamba la mwezi (mofanana ndi Sakranti). Ponseponse, Ghyo Chaku Sanlhu amatanthauza kukondwerera tsiku loyamba la mwezi podya Ghee ndi Chaku. Anthu ammudzi wa Newar amadyanso Samay Baji, zomwe zimakhala ndi mpunga wophwanyika, soya, ma pancake a mpunga, nyama ya njati, dzira lophika lokazinga, ma pancake a lentil, nsomba yokazinga, saladi ya mbatata yokometsera, ndi zina zambiri. 

Monga anthu a ku Magar, anthu a ku Newars amakumbukira womwalirayo pa tsikuli. Pa tsikuli, ana aang'ono amapita kwa akuluakulu kuti akawapatse madalitso ndi Dakshina (zopereka zandalama). Okalamba amapaka mafuta ophikira otentha pang'ono pamutu pa ana ndi ana, kusonyeza kutentha. Anthu a ku Newar Community amakhulupirira kuti kupereka chakudya ndi kusamba m'mitsinje yopatulika patsikuli kumabweretsa thanzi labwino kwa anthu. 

Nthano za Phwando la Maghe Sankranti

Kachisi wa Til Madhav Narayan

Maghe Sankranti ndi nthangala za sesame (mpaka ku Neapli) zimalumikizana, pamene tikukondwerera chikondwererochi mwa kudya ladoos zopangidwa kuchokera ku izo. Nthano yochokera kwa Bhadgaon (tsopano Bhaktapur) imagwirizana ndi Maghe Sankranti. Kale panali wamalonda wogulitsa mbewu za sesame m'misewu ya Bhadgaon. Bizinesi yake idapita patsogolo, zomwe zidamubweretsera chuma. Komabe, adayamba kuzindikira kuti mbewuzo sizinathe. 

Anafufuza m'nyumba yake yosungiramo zinthu kuti amvetse chinsinsi cha mbewu za sesame zosatha. Pomaliza pake anapeza chifaniziro cha Ambuye Vishnu chobisika pansi pa mulu wa mbewu. Kuyambira tsiku limenelo, anthu a ku Bhadgaon anakhazikitsa kachisi ndi chifanizirocho ndipo anayamba kulambira Ambuye Vishnu monga Til Madhav pa Maghe Sankranti. Kachisiyu amadziwika kuti kachisi wa Til Madhav Narayan. Kulambira Ambuye Vishnu pa tsikuli kumakhulupirira kuti kumabweretsa chitukuko, chuma, komanso chakudya chosatha. 

Nkhani ya Mahabharata Bhishma Pitamah

Tsiku la Maghe Sankranti, pamene nyengo yozizira imatha, ndipo nyengo yachilimwe imayamba, limachokera ku imodzi mwa nkhani zodziwika bwino za Chihindu, Mahabharata. Mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri mu nkhani iyi ndi Bhishma Pitamah, mwana wa Ganga. Dzina loyambirira Devavrata, Iye anasiya udindo wake wachifumu ndipo analumbira kuti sadzakhala mkwatibwi kuti akwaniritse zofuna za abambo ake. Kupereka kwake nsembe kunamupatsa dzina ndi ulemu wa “Ichha Mrityu,” kutanthauza kuti tsopano akanatha kusankha nthawi yoti amwalire.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondo yayikulu Nkhondo ya MahabharataArjuna wavulala kwambiri Bhishma ndi mivi yosawerengeka. Anagwa pansi, ndipo thupi lake linagwidwa pamwamba pa bedi la mivi. Sanafe ngakhale ndi ululu wotere chifukwa ankayembekezera tsiku labwino kuti achoke kwa mwana wake wakufa. Pomaliza pake, anapuma mpweya wake womaliza pa tsiku loyamba la Uttarayana, lomwe linali tsiku loyamba la Magh. N’chifukwa chiyani sanafe nthawi yomweyo n’kudikira masiku 58 mu ululu woopsa wa dzuwa? Anadikira kuti nyengo yozizira ifike chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti amene amafa ku Uttarayana amalandira moksha (nirvana), kuthawa kubadwa ndi kubadwanso. Chifukwa chake, amakhulupirira kuti anthu omwe amafa patsikuli safunika kudutsa muzochitika zosalekeza za moyo ndi imfa ndipo amapita kumwamba mwachindunji.

Kufunika kwa Maghe Sankranti mu Astrology ya Chihindu

Mu nyenyezi za Chihindu, Chaka chimagawidwa m'magawo awiri: Dakshinayan ndi UttarayanDakshinayan ndi pamene dzuwa limayenda kupita ku dziko la kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, ndipo Uttarayan imayenda kupita ku dziko la kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti Dakshinayan imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mdima waufupi komanso kudzifufuza, Uttarayan imagwirizanitsidwa ndi masiku ataliatali, kuwala, ndi kukula. Malinga ndi nyenyezi zachihindu, Uttarayan ndi "tsiku la milungu," pomwe Dakshinayan ndi usiku, zomwe zimapangitsa Maghe Sankranti kukhala mbandakucha wa milungu. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa nyengo yozizira (Uttarayan) kumaonedwa kuti ndi kwabwino kwambiri ndipo kumakhala ndi phindu lalikulu mu Astrology yachihindu. 

Zakudya Zam'madzi zaku Nepalese Zomwe Mungayese Pa Maghe Sankranti

Chikondwerero chilichonse chopanda zakudya zokoma si chikondwerero konse. Kupatula misonkhano, anthu amakondwerera chikondwererochi mwa kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana za ku Nepal. Nayi mndandanda wa zakudya zomwe ndi za Maghe Sankranti.

• Til ko Laddu— Til ko Laddu ndi mipira yokoma yopangidwa posakaniza mbewu za jaggery ndi sesame, zakuda kapena zoyera. Nthawi zambiri, mtedza wina monga amondi ndi cashews umawonjezedwanso. 
• Bhuja ko Laddu— Bhuja ko Laddu ndi mpunga wotsekemera wosakaniza njuchi ndi mpunga wophikidwa. 
• Chaku ndi chakudya chachikhalidwe cha ku Newari chopangidwa ndi jaggery, ghee, ndi mtedza wophikidwa mpaka zitakhazikika.
• Ghee— Ghee ndi batala woyengedwa bwino. Monga momwe Maghe Sankranti akusinthira ku Spring ndikubweretsa masiku otentha, ghee ndi chakudya chabwino chomwe chimatenthetsa matupi athu. 
• Yamori- Yamori ndi chakudya china cha Newari, dumpling yopangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga ndi zodzaza za Chaku or Khuwa. 
• Chilazi, chinangwa, ndi Mbatata Yotsekemera — Monga ghee, ndiwo zamasamba zokhala ndi mizu yolimba zimateteza matupi athu ku nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake, zimadyedwa ku Magh Sankranti. 
• Kheer- Kheer ndi pudding yokoma ya mpunga yopangidwa ndi mkaka wowira, shuga, mphesa, ndi mpunga.

Zomwe Muyenera Kuchita pa Maghe Sankranti

• Mukhoza kupita ku Devghat wa ku Nawanparasi kapena mtsinje wina uliwonse wopatulika kumene mitsinje itatu imakumana ndikumiramo ndi olambira ena.
  
• Mutha kutenga nawo mbali pa ziwonetsero zakomweko ndi zochitika zachikhalidwe kuti mufufuze zakudya zachikhalidwe, kuvina, ndi nyimbo za m'madera osiyanasiyana ku Nepal.
  
• Pa tsiku labwino ili, mutha kupereka. Kupereka chakudya, zovala, kapena zinthu zina zofunika kwa osowa kumakhulupirira kuti kumabweretsa mwayi. 
  
• M'madera ena, ma kite ouluka ndi chikondwerero ku Maghe Sankranti. Mutha kupikisana nawo pamasewerawa kapena kungosangalala nawo muli kutali. 
  
• Usiku, moto waukulu umayatsidwa, womwe umayatsa zinthu zakale, kusonyeza chiyambi chatsopano. Mutha kusonkhana mozungulira motowo kuti musangalale ndi kutentha kwake ndi kwa anthu.
  
• Mutha kuyang'ana malo oyendayenda ngati Devghat, Panauti, kapena Gosaikunda, malo omwe odzipereka ku Maghe Sankranti. 
  
• Mukhoza kupita ku mudzi wa Taruka ku Nuwakot kuti mukaonere nkhondo ya ng'ombe.

Malo Omwe Akulimbikitsidwa Kukayendera Panthawi ya Maghe Sankranti

Kathmandu Valley Tour

Malo ambiri mu Chigwa cha Kathmandumonga Patan, Bhaktapur, ndi Tudinkhel, chititsani zochitika zachikhalidwe ndi misonkhano. Muthanso kufufuza malo odyera ndi malo odyera am'deralo kuti musangalale ndi zakudya zokoma za Maghe Sankranti. 

Chitwan

Ku Maghe Sankranti, Chitwan ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha Chaka Chatsopano cha Tharu (Maghi). Kwawo kwa anthu ambiri a Tharu, Chitwan ikhoza kukhala malo osinthira chikhalidwe patsikuli, chifukwa mutha kuonera magule ndi maphwando achikhalidwe a Tharu. 

Devghat

Devghat ndi imodzi mwa malo opatulika kwambiri oyendera alendo ku Nepal. Apa ndi pomwe mitsinje ya Kaligandak ndi Tirshuli imakumana. Pa Maghe Sankranti, anthu zikwizikwi m'dziko lonselo amasonkhana pano kuti akamwe madzi oyera. 

Gosaikunda Lake

Nyanja ya Gosaikunda ndi yopatulika m'boma la Rasuwa. Monga Devghat, apaulendo amapita ku nyanjayi kukapemphera ndikudzipereka mu bata lake. Pa nthawi ya Maghe Sankranti, Gosaikunda Lake ndi imodzi mwa maulendo otchuka kwambiri ku Nepal. 

Panauti

Panauti imachititsa Makar Mela zaka 12 zilizonse pa mwambo wa Maghe Sankranti. Mizinda yakale ili ndi akachisi ambiri komanso chikhalidwe chambiri ndipo ikhoza kukhala ulendo wa moyo wonse wopita ku Makar Mela. 

Nuwakot

Malo ena oti mupiteko nthawi ya Maghe Sankranti ndi mudzi wa Taaruka ku Nuwakot. Mudziwu umachitira kugundana kwa ng'ombe zamphongo patsikuli la chaka, lomwe lingakhale losangalatsa kuonera. 

Kutsiliza

Chikondwerero cha Maghe Sankranti chimakondwerera tsiku loyamba la Magh. Ndi chikondwerero chomwe chimakondwerera kufika kwa nyengo yachilimwe dzuwa likamapita kumpoto. Chikondwererochi chimasintha kuchoka ku Poush kupita ku mwezi wa Magh, ndipo chimachitikanso ndi chikondwerero cha kutha kwa nyengo yozizira ndi kufika kwa masika. Madera osiyanasiyana ku Nepal amakondwerera Maghe Sankranti, ndipo chili ndi tanthauzo losiyana. Kwa anthu a Tharu ndi Kirant, ndi Chaka Chatsopano, pomwe kwa anthu a Magar ndi Netwar, ndi chikondwerero chokumbukira wakufayo. Anthu amasambira m'madzi oyera, kusamba m'mitsinje yopatulika, ndikulambira mulungu wa dzuwa. Kusonkhana, kudya, kuimba, ndi kuvina ndi momwe anthu ku Nepal amakondwerera Maghe Sankranti. 

Ngati muli ku Nepal nthawi ya Maghe Sankranti, musaiwale kulawa Ghee, Chaku, ndi chizi.