INtaba i-Everest ephakeme ngamamitha angu-8,849 (29,032 feet) iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, enesizinda sayo eHimalayas yaseNepal, cishe akukho muntu ongakaze ezwe ngale ntaba enhle kangaka.
Wonke umuntu ojwayelene nale ntaba ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni kungenzeka ukuthi wezwa uhlangothi oluthakazelisayo lohambo olufana nezinyathelo eziya ezulwini, i-pole yesithathu, kanye nemibono emangalisayo yendawo ezungezile kusukela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kodwa, uke wezwa nge 'Isigodi sase-Everest Rainbow'? Njengoba igama lisho ungase uzibuze ukuthi ngabe yizingxenye ezithile ezinhle nezimangalisayo ezisezintabeni ezifana nohlangothi olunemibala olukhanyayo lothingo.
Kodwa-ke, iqiniso langempela limnyama kakhulu, i-Everest Rainbow Valley iyindawo ethile ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa emithambekeni yentaba lapho abaqwali abaningi baphefumula khona okokugcina ngesikhathi sohambo lwabo lwe-Everest.
Okuqukethwe
Everest Isigodi SaseRainbow- Amathuna Abafuduki Abangaphumelelanga
I-Everest Rainbow Valley itholakala ogwini olusenyakatho lwentaba ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,000 ukuphakama futhi igcwele izidumbu zabantu abakhuphuka izintaba abashona ngesikhathi sohambo lwabo entabeni.
Amajakethi anombala ophuzi okhanyayo, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, ophuzi, kanye neminye imibala yabantu abakhuphukayo agcinwe kahle kule ngxenye yentaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amatende, amabhodlela e-oxygen, amathini, kanye neminye imfucuza elahlwa ngumgibeli wezintaba ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwawo kunqwabelene kule ndawo.
Ngakho-ke, izinto ezimibalabala nezidumbu zabantu abakhuphuka izintaba abanamajazi anemibala eqhweni elimhlophe elingenalutho kwenza ingxenye ibonakale injengengxube egqamile yemibala yothingo, okwathola igama lale ngxenye. 'Isigodi sase-Everest Rainbow'.
Abakhwela izintaba abakhuphuka ngale ndlela bephokophela esiqongweni abakwazi ukuqhubeka nomzila wabo wokwenyuka ngaphandle kokuhlangana nalezi zidumbu ezimibalabala. I-Everest Rainbow Valley yenza ngisho nabakhwela izintaba abanesibindi kakhulu babe nexhala njengoba ibonisa ukuthi imithambeka yentaba ingaba yingozi futhi ayinasihawu kangakanani.
Uhambo lweNtaba i-Everest luyiphupho labo bonke abathanda ukukhuphuka izintaba, wonke umuntu okhuphuka izintaba ufisa ukunqoba isiqongo esiphakeme kakhulu esimbozwe yiqhwa emhlabeni okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe njengoba kuyindawo evelele emhlabeni wokukhuphuka izintaba.
Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abakhuphukayo abafika ngokuphepha esicongweni noma ababuya emithambekeni ephakeme yentaba futhi ngeshwa, abantu abaningi bayafa entabeni minyaka yonke. Njengamanje, kunezingaphezu kwalokho Izidumbu zabantu abangu-200 abaqwala izintaba e-Everest Rainbow Valley abaphefumula okokugcina emithambekeni yentaba.
Iyini indawo yokufa e-Everest?
Njengoba besixoxa nge-Everest Rainbow Valley endaweni yokufa, labo kini abangase bangayazi le nkulumo bangase bazibuze ukuthi iyini indawo yokufa e-Everest.
Yebo, i indawo yokufa e-Everest kukhona ingxenye engaphezulu kwamamitha angu-8,000 okuyingxenye eyingozi kakhulu yohambo lonke okufanele abaqwali bezintaba bayinqobe. indawo yokufa ikhona kuzo zonke iziqongo eziyi-14 eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni enokuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,000.
Okwenza indawo yokufa ibe yingozi ukuthi izinga lokugcwala komoya-mpilo endaweni yokufa liseduze kakhulu 34% izinga lolwandle. Ngakho-ke, abakhwela izintaba ohambweni oluya entabeni abanconywa ukuba bahlale ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa e-Everest isikhathi esingaphezu kwaleso 16- 18 amahora.
Le ngxenye ethile yentaba iyingozi kakhulu kangangokuthi umzimba wakho uyafa njalo ngomzuzu uma uhlala endaweni yokufa, umzimba wakho uqala ukufa umzuzu nomzuzu kanye neseli neseli ngaphakathi kwale ngxenye ethile entabeni.
Indawo yokufa e-Everest iyingozi kakhulu kangangokuthi iningi lokufa okwenzeke emithambekeni yentaba kwenzeke kulezi zingxenye ezithile. Abakhuphuka izintaba ngemva kwamahora amaningi okukhuphuka baye bawela kule ndawo yokufa ngenxa yokukhathala, ukugula ekuphakameni, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, kanye nangenxa yokuwa kweqhwa.
Ngokusho kwedatha, inani labakhweli bezintaba abangu-193 kanye nabaqondisi beSherpa abangu-125 bashona emithambekeni ye-Everest ngesikhathi sabo. uhambo kusukela ngo-1922 kuya enkathini yokukhuphuka izintaba yasentwasahlobo ka-2023. Ngisho naphakathi kwalezi zibalo ezinkulu zabantu abafa emithambekeni ye-Everest, iningi labo lenzeke endaweni yokufa yase-Everet.
I-Everest Rainbow Valley iyodwa egqumeni elisenyakatho ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa inezidumbu zabantu abangaphezu kuka-200 abaqwala izintaba.
Kwenzekani Ezidunjini Ezifileyo E-Everest Rainbow Valley? Kungani Zingawiswa?
Uma sicabanga ngokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-200 ngaphakathi kwe-Evrest Rainbow Valley endaweni yokufa, kungokwemvelo ukuzibuza ukuthi kungani izidumbu zingadilizwa noma udoti unakekelwa ukuze kususwe indawo.
Nokho, izinto azilula kangako uma kukhulunywa ngohambo lokuya ezintabeni eziphakeme, ikakhulukazi uma kuyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Iziqongo eziyi-14 eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni zingaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,000, i-Everest isithombe esikhulu seqhwa siphakeme ngamamitha angu-8,849 ukusuka olwandle.
Kusho izingxenye 'zendawo yokufa' eziqongweni eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, i-Everest inazo eziningi, cishe yonke Ingxenye yamamitha angu-900. Ngakho-ke, ngokwemvelo, ithimba lokusesha nokuthola izinto ezilahlekile nalo kufanele lichithe isikhathi esiningi entabeni ukuze lihudule kancane kancane izidumbu.
Noma kunjalo, noma kungenzeka, kuyingozi kakhulu ukuthwala isisindo somunye umuntu emithambekeni yentaba eyingozi. Wonke umuntu okhuphuka i-Everest uyazi leli qiniso, uyaqonda kahle ukuthi uma esala ngemuva uzosala ngemuva.
Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukudonsa phansi izidumbu zabakhweli bezintaba besuka e-Everest Rainbow Valley ngumuntu oyedwa. Iqembu labakhweli abavelele kuphela elingaqedela imisebenzi enjalo, vele, akubizi ukuqasha iqembu lokutakula elinjalo, intengo yokuqala ephansi yomsebenzi wokutakula onjalo iqala ku- I-US $ 70,000.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akusho ukuthi ithimba lizokwazi njalo ukuthola isidumbu somgibeli wezintaba njengoba izidumbu eziningana zimbozwe yiqhwa elijulile. Ngakho-ke, iningi lemindeni aliqashi imisebenzi yokutakula.
Futhi njengoba izidumbu zingaboli emithambekeni yentaba, izidumbu e-Everest zisesimweni esiqinile sokubanda zigcinwe kahle ezimweni zezulu ezibandayo futhi aziboli kangako ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uyini uMthetho Wehora Lesibili e-Everest?
Uma unolwazi oluthile ngohambo lwezintaba, ikakhulukazi ukukhuphuka i-Everest, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalesi simo esingavamile, umthetho wehora lesibili e-Everest. Kulabo kini abangajwayelene naleli gama, kunomthetho oqinile ohambweni lwe-Everest okufanele wonke umgibeli awulandele, uma abagibeli bengakwazi ukukhuphukela esiqongweni sentaba ngehora lesibili, kufanele behle baye endaweni ephephile beshiya indawo yokukhuphuka ukuze bakhuphukele esikhathini esizayo.
Njengoba uhlala isikhathi eside kune Amahora angu-16-18 ayingozi kakhulu, Abaqwali bezintaba babeke isikhathi sohambo lwe-Everest, uma bezophuthuma esicongweni ngemva kuka-2 ntambama, lokho kungasho ukuthi bazohlala endaweni yokufa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhathi esinconyiwe.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani abaqwali bezintaba kufanele balandele lo mthetho ngesikhathi sohambo lwe-Everest, ngaphandle kwengozi yemvelo ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa ebulala amangqamuzana emzimbeni womuntu umzuzu nomzuzu, kunezici eziningana okufanele abaqwali bezintaba bazicabangele.
Isibonelo, ngenkathi ukhuphuka ufike esiqongweni se-Everest ngamamitha angu-8,849 ukusuka eCamp IV ngamamitha angu-7,950, kuthatha cishe 7- 9 amahora ukuze ufike esiqongweni. Ngakho-ke uhambo lokubuya ngokuphephile luncike kakhulu esikhathini sokukhuphuka kwentaba, esingaphambi kuka-2 ntambama.
Noma yiluphi uhambo olubambezelekile ngemva kuka-2 ntambama kusho ukuthi abaqwali kuzodingeka bathole indlela yokubuyela eCamp IV ngobusuku obumnyama kakhulu, kube nezimo lapho abaqwali ngemuva kokuphumelela esicongweni beye balahleka indlela yabo futhi bafela endaweni yokufa e-Everest.
Ngokufanayo, abaqwali bezintaba bahlonyiswe ngokutholakala okulinganiselwe, lokhu kufaka phakathi ukudla, amanzi, kanye namabhodlela e-oxygen. Zonke lezi zinto zabelwe kahle uma kucatshangelwa isikhathi sesiqongo kanye nomkhawulo wesisindo, kodwa ukuqhubekela esiqongweni ngemva kuka-2 ntambama kusho ukuthi abaqwali bezintaba badlala ngokutholakala okulinganiselwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa.
Kungani Kufe Abantu Abaningi Kangaka E-Everest Rainbow Valley?
I-Everest Rainbow Valley esenyakatho yentaba ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa inenani elikhulu labantu abafayo. Izidumbu ezingaphezu kuka-200 endaweni ethile ngakho-ke intaba isesimweni esithusayo, kodwa kungani kube nokufa okuningi kangaka e-Everest Rainbow Valley?
Njengoba uqonda ukuthi i-Everest Rainbow Valley ingena endaweni yokufa entabeni, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni nayo inendawo yokufa enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinye iziqongo eziyi-14 eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokungafani nabanye abaqwali bezintaba kufanele babhekane nendawo yokufa ebulalayo isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sohambo lwabo lwe-Everest.
Ngakho-ke abakhwela izintaba kufanele babhekane nomoya-mpilo omncane isikhathi eside, izimo zezulu ezinzima eziphakeme kanye nemimoya enamandla kanye neziphepho zeqhwa kukhulisa kakhulu izinga lobunzima, kanti ingxenye ye-bottleneck entabeni kulesi sifunda esithile iyakhathaza kakhulu.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ingenye yezindawo ezinzima kakhulu entabeni okumele zinqotshwe abagibeli bezintaba ngosuku lwabo lokuphuthuma esicongweni. Kodwa, akubona bonke abagibeli bezintaba abazama ukunqoba iphupho labo lentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, abafika esicongweni noma behle ngokuphepha ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphansi.
Phakathi kwenani elikhulu labantu abashonile e-Everest Rainbow Valley, izimbangela ezinkulu zokufa yizikhukhula nokuwa, izidumbu eziningi ngaphakathi e-Everest Rainbow Valley ziwile ezingozini zemvelo noma zawa ezindaweni eziphakeme ngesikhathi sohambo lwazo.
Ngokufanayo, ukukhathala kuyimbangela yesithathu ephezulu yokufa kwabakhweli bezintaba ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa kanti ukugula kokuphakama kuthatha indawo yesine. Kukhona nezinye izimbangela ezifana nokuchayeka ezindaweni eziphakeme kanye nokugula okungahlobene ne-AMS nakho kuthathe inani elikhulu lokuphila kwabakhweli bezintaba ngesikhathi sohambo lwe-Everest.
Izinga Lobunzima Lohambo Lwe-Everest
Ukunqoba isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni esibizwa nangokuthi 'izinyathelo eziya ezulwini' kanye 'nesigxobo sesithathu' ngokuqinisekile akuwona umsebenzi olula. Nakuba uhambo lwe-Mt. Everest lubhekwa 'njengesiqongo'ukuhamba ngezinyawo'Ukwenyuka ungakuvumeli ukuthi kukhohliswe, izintaba eziyingozi zentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni ziye zabonisa ukuthi kungaba nesihluku kangakanani izikhathi eziningi.
Izinga lobunzima eliphelele lohambo lwe-Everest libekwe ezingeni elithi 'Kunzima Futhi Kuyinselele', kunconywa kuphela abaqwali bezintaba abanolwazi kulolu hambo lwaseHimalaya. Abaqwali bezintaba kuphela abaye baphumelela ukukhuphuka intaba 6,500-imitha izintaba zeklasi eNepal zinikezwa izimvume zohambo lwe-Everest.
Abaqwali kudingeka babe nekhono ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okukhuphuka izintaba njenge-ice axes, ama-crampon, ama-jumar, ama-carabiners, ama-anchor, amadivayisi e-belay, njll. ukuze bahambe ngokuphephile ezigabeni zobuchwepheshe emthambekeni. Ukulimala entabeni kubonisa ubunzima bangempela kanye nezinselelo abaqwali okufanele babhekane nazo ngesikhathi sohambo lwabo.
Nazi ezinye zezici ezinzima kakhulu abaqwali bezintaba okumelwe bazinqobe ngesikhathi sohambo lwe-Everest.
Ingxenye Yobuchwepheshe ku-Everest Expedition
Nakuba uhambo lwe-Everest lubekwe ezingeni lokukhuphuka ngezinyawo, abaqwali bezintaba kumele babhekane nezigaba eziningana zobuchwepheshe entabeni. Imithambeka ye-Everest ngokuvamile ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: amakilasi amathathu, iBanga lesi-2, iBanga lesi-3, kanye neBanga lesi-4.
Izigaba zeSigaba sesi-2 emithambekeni ziyizindlela eziqondile zokukhuphuka ezivame ukudinga ukukhushulwa kusetshenziswa izandla ukuze kulinganiswe. Endabeni yezigaba zeSigaba sesi-3, abakhweli kudingeka bakhushulwe njalo besebenzisa izandla zabo, ikakhulukazi ezintanjeni eziqinile. I-Geneva Spur, izingxenye ezingenhla kweCamp II, isisekelo seLhotse Face, indlela eya eSouth Summit, njll. zibhekwa njengezigaba zeSigaba sesi-3.
Ngokufanayo, izingxenye zeSigaba sesi-4 entabeni zisezingeni eliphezulu okudinga ukuthi abaqwali basebenzise imishini yabo yokuqwala izintaba besebenzisa intambo eqinile. Abaqwali bezintaba kudingeka basebenzise kakhulu imisipha yomzimba engenhla futhi ukuwa kulezi zingxenye kungabangela ukulimala ngisho nokufa.
Ukusebenzisa izitebhisi zokukhuphuka, i-Khumbu Icefall, izingxenye ze-Lhotse Face, i-Cronice Traverse, kanye ne-Hillary Step ngokuvamile ziwela ngaphansi kwezingxenye zobuchwepheshe ze-Class 4 entabeni.
Ubunzima Bokuphakama
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, enye yezinselelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ohambweni lwe-Everest ukwanda kokuphakama. Kunezingozi zomzimba womuntu zokuthi uhlushwe isifo sokuphakama ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2,500, futhi ukukhuphuka i-Everest okukuholela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni ngokuqinisekile kunengozi enkulu yokugula ukuphakama kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhambo.
Njengoba ikhuphuka ifike endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-8,849, usongo lwe- ukugula kokuwa njenge-Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), i-High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE), kanye ne-High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) kungokoqobo impela. I-Altitude sickness iyimbangela yesithathu enkulu yokufa kwabakhweli bezintaba e-Everest abangaphezu kuka-100. Ukufa kwe-38 phakathi kwe-1992 kuya ku-2023.
Ama-avalchi
Ama-avalanche ayinto evamile kakhulu emithambekeni ye-Everest, izici eziningana njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukushintsha kweqhwa neqhwa eqhweni, ngisho nokunyakaza kwabanye abakhuphuka izintaba kungabangela lokho.
Ngokufanayo, ukungcola okuwayo ngenxa yokuhamba komkhweli phambili kungenye into ekhathazayo kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula kwentaba. Kuye ngesikali, kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu nokufa, ngezinye izikhathi kungaze kuqede yonke indlela yokukhuphuka kanye nabakhweli.
Izikhukhula zeqhwa ziyimbangela yesilinganiso esiphezulu sabantu abashonile ohambweni lwe-Everest, ngaphezu kwalokho 78 abaqwali balahlekelwe yizimpilo zabo emithambekeni yentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngenxa yokuwa kweqhwa ngokuzumayo endleleni yokukhuphuka.
Indawo Engathetheleli
Abaqwali bezintaba akudingeki nje kuphela babhekane namatshe amakhulu kanye nezingxenye zeqhwa entabeni ngesikhathi sohambo lwe-Everest oludinga amakhono obuchwepheshe okukhuphuka. Kodwa, kufanele futhi babhekane nezimo zezulu ezinzima ezingalindelekile endaweni yasezintabeni yentaba ehlala iphansi ngama-degrees aphansi.
Ukunqoba izingxenye eziyinselele entabeni endaweni ephakeme lapho ngisho nokunyakaza okulula kungaba yinto ekhathazayo ngokuqinisekile akufani nokuhamba ngezinyawo egcekeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imimoya enamandla, iziphepho ezinkulu, kanye neqhwa eliningi kwenza ukukhwela intaba kube nzima nakakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, lolu hambo oluhle lokuya esicongweni sentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni alukwazi nje ukuba nzima ngokomzimba kodwa futhi lungaba nzima ngokwengqondo.
Kungani Kuthatha Izinyanga Ezimbili Ukuqedela Uhambo Lwe-Everest?
The I-Everest Base Camp Trek, uhambo oluphakeme kakhulu lwekamu lesisekelo emhlabeni endaweni ephakeme kakhulu 5,364 amamitha (17,598 amamitha) kuthatha cishe amasonto amabiliNgakho-ke ngokombono ojwayelekile, ukukhuphukela esiqongweni sentaba nje 3,485 amamitha ukuphakama kwekamu eliyisisekelo kungase kungabi nangqondo kangako.
Kodwa-ke, uma ujwayelene nohambo oluya ezindaweni eziphakeme kanye nezinye izinkambo zasezintabeni, khona-ke uyaqonda ukubaluleka kosuku lokujwayela kulolo hambo. Phakathi nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lohambo oluya ezindaweni eziphakeme, kunconywa ukuthi umuntu angadingi indawo yokufinyelela ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-500 ngosuku olulodwa lokuhlola.
Ngokufanayo, usuku lokujwayela lunconywa ngemva kokuphakama ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1,000 ngesikhathi sokuhlola ukuphakama ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nokuphakama. Ngakho-ke, njengalezi zindlela zohambo oluphakeme, uhambo lwe-Everest nalo luklanywe ngendlela efanayo.
Kumane nje inqubo yokujwayela endaweni ebandayo yasezintabeni ithatha isikhathi eside kakhulu kunasemhlabathini, ngakho-ke isikhathi esiningi sabelwe ukujwayela nokujwayela ukukhuphuka intaba ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina lokukhuphuka intaba.
Abakhweli bezintaba bachitha izinsuku ezimbalwa ekamu eliyisisekelo, bakhuphukela eKamu II, bajwayelane lapho, bese bebuya ngenyawo, bese kuthi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, baqhubekele emakamu aphezulu futhi bajwayelane lapho. Le nqubo iphindaphindwa kuze kube yilapho umzimba womkhweli ujwayela kahle indawo yasezintabeni, bese beholelwa kuphela esiqongweni sentaba.
Kukhona Ongakuthanda: