Uma ujwayelene ne- uhambo lwezintaba, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nangezingxenye ezibulalayo ezintabeni ezaziwa ngokuthi indawo yokufa. Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-Mt. Everest, endaweni ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-8,848.86 (29,031.7 feet), futhi inalesi sigaba esaziwa ngokuthi indawo yokufa. Ngakho-ke, iyini indawo yokufa eNtabeni i-Everest?
Indawo yokufa iyisigaba esithile se-Everest ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,000 anezinga eliphansi lokugcwala komoya-mpilo kangangokuthi abakhweli abanconywa ukuba bahlale ngaphakathi kwendawo isikhathi esingaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,000. 16- 18 amahora. Kungomunye wemithetho eqinile yohambo lwe-Everest ukuthi abaqwali akufanele bahlale ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhathi esinconyiwe, noma kungaba yingozi.
Okuqukethwe
Ingabe Kufanele Ufike Endaweni Yokufa ku-EBC Trek?
Indawo yokufa e-Everest yingxenye ethile engenhla kokuphakama kwamamitha angu-8,000. Kodwa-ke, abagibeli bezintaba ohambweni lwe-Everest kwadingeka banqobe le ngxenye entabeni, abagibeli benza lokho. I-Everest Base Camp Trek akudingeki. Kodwa-ke, uhambo oluholela ekamu eliphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, Ikamu Lesisekelo Lase-Everest ngamamitha angu-5,364 (17,598 feet) Akuyona futhi ihlaya. Lolu hambo oludumile lwaseHimalaya luqala eLukla, isango eliya e-Everest ngamamitha angu-2,860 (amamitha angu-9,383).
Njengoba uhamba ngendlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo, uzonqoba amaphuzu aphezulu ohambo olufana neTengboche (amamitha angu-3,860), Lobuche (amamitha angu-4,910), iGorakshep (amamitha angu-5,125) kanye nendawo ephakeme kakhulu yohambo lonke, iKalapatthar isendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-5,645 (amamitha angu-18,520) ukusuka olwandle. Ngakho-ke, yize abagibeli bezintaba kungadingeki babhekane namazinga aphansi okugcwala komoya-mpilo njengangaphakathi kwendawo yokufa e-Everest, kuzodingeka baqaphele. ukugula kokuwa njengoba izinga lokugcwala komoya-mpilo e-Everest Base Camp lisalokhu likhona I-50% ngaphansi kunaleyo yezinga lolwandle.
Iyingozi Kangakanani Indawo Yokufa e-Everest?
Umzimba womuntu usebenza kahle kakhulu ezingeni lolwandle, kuleli zinga ukugcwala komoya-mpilo emkhathini kusezingeni elanele ubuchopho namaphaphu ethu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukhuphukela ezindaweni eziphakeme, kuba nzima ngomzimba ukusebenza kahle. Kukhona ingozi yokuthi umzimba womuntu uhlaselwe isifo sokuphakama ngaphezu kokuphakama 2,500 amamithaNgakho-ke, ngokuqinisekile, ukukhuphuka isiqongo esiphakeme kakhulu esimbozwe yiqhwa emhlabeni endaweni ephakeme kakhulu enezindawo eziningi zokuphakama ukugcwala komoya-mpilo okuncane njengoba udlula ezindaweni eziphakeme akuyona into elula. Indawo yokufa e-Everest iyisithiyo esikhulu phakathi nalolu hambo olukhulu lapho abaqwali bezintaba kufanele babhekane khona izinga eliphansi lokugcwala komoya-mpilo.
Ukugcwala komoya-mpilo ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa e-Everest ku- 34%, okusho ukuthi ukuhlala uphila kule ngxenye yentaba cishe akunakwenzeka kumuntu ojwayelekile ohamba ngezintaba. Eqinisweni, indawo yokuntuleka kwemvula e-Everest iyingozi kakhulu kangangokuthi umzimba wakho uqala ukuwohloka futhi umzimba wakho uqala ukufa umzuzu nomzuzu kanye neseli neseli. Njengoba ubuchopho namaphaphu ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa elambile umoya-mpilo, ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi iphezulu kakhulu, futhi ilimaza izici zokubona nezokwahlulela. Kuhlanganiswe nokuzikhandla ngokomzimba kwezinsuku ezinde zokukhuphuka kanye nokugembula ngesikhathi, uhambo lwe-Everest lungaba lukhulu kakhulu kubakhweli abanesibindi abangakwazi ukuhlala bezolile phakathi nezimo ezinzima.
Kwenzekani Emzimbeni Wakho Endaweni Yokufa?
Ngaphandle kokuthi umzimba wakho uyafa umzuzu nomzuzu kanye neseli neseli, kuzodingeka futhi uhlale uqaphile ukugula kwezintaba kanye nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Njengoba ukhuphuka ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,000 ukuze unqobe indawo yokufa e-Everest, kunezingozi zokuba nesifo sokugula okuphezulu njenge I-Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), I-High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE), kanye ne-High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE). Nakuba uhlobo oluncane lwesifo sokuphakama lungabonakali njengento ekhathazayo enkulu, njengoba ungena endaweni yokufa, kunamathuba aphezulu okuthi ubanjwe uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwesifo sokuphakama oluyi- eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha futhi kungaba yingozi empilweni.
Ngokufanayo, i-hypoxia ingenye inkinga ekhathazayo ebangelwa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo owanele emzimbeni. izitho ezibalulekile zomzimba wakho. Lesi simo siyingozi kakhulu kangangokuthi singabhubhisa ubuchopho bakho, isibindi, nezinye izitho ezibalulekile emzimbeni wakho ngemizuzu embalwa nje ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Uma ubuchopho bakho bungatholi umoya-mpilo owanele, buqala ukuvuvukala futhi bubangele isimo esibizwa ngokuthi I-High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE), isigaba esibi nesokugcina sokugula kakhulu ezintabeni.
Lesi sigaba sokugcina sokugula kokuphakama singabangela ikhanda, isicanucanu, futhi sithinte ngisho nekhono lokucabanga elilula. Kulesi sigaba lapho ubuchopho buqala ukuvuvukala, abaqwali bezintaba baziwa nangokungena ekuphazanyisweni okubhekwa njengohlobo lwe-psychosis. Abaqwali bezintaba abafinyelele esigabeni sokugcina se-HACE baziwa ngokwenza izinto ezingavamile njengokukhuluma nabangani abangombono, ukulahla izingubo zabo naphezu kokubanda okubandayo, nokushiya umzila ophawuliwe uzulazula.
Ezinye Izingozi Ezingaba Khona Ngaphakathi Kwendawo Yokufa e-Everest
Abaqwali bezintaba abaseduze nendawo yokufa nabo kufanele bazivikele emisebeni ephezulu ye-UV ekhanyisa iqhwa neqhwa okungalimaza ngisho namehlo abo. Ngokufanayo, endaweni ebandayo lapho izinga lokushisa livame ukuba khona. -18 C, kunobungozi obukhulu bokushaywa yiqhwa. I-Frostbite ivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni zomzimba njengeminwe, izinzwane, ikhala, kanye nezindlebe, ezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu, ukuvezwa kungaba yizicubu ezibolile, lapho ukunqunywa kwesikhumba kuyiyona ndlela kuphela. Ubumpumputhe beqhwa bungenye isimo esiyingozi endaweni yokufa lapho abaqwali bezintaba bebhekene nokulahlekelwa umbono okwesikhashana ngenxa yeqhwa elingapheli elisakazekile emithambekeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathala kungenye inselele ehlala ikhona abaqwali bezintaba okufanele babhekane nayo. Kuyisimo esikhathazayo kakhulu ngenxa yokuzikhandla kwengqondo nokomzimba noma yiluphi uhlobo lokugula ngesikhathi sohambo. Zonke lezi zimo ezibuthakathaka ngokomzimba neziphazamisa umbono zingaholela ekuweni ngengozi kanye nabaqwali bezintaba abangakwazi nhlobo ukuhamba endaweni yabo. Eqinisweni, ukukhathala kuyisimo esibulalayo kakhulu ngesikhathi sohambo lwezintaba kangangokuthi kuyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yokufa entabeni ngemva kokugula ngenxa yokuphakama.
Abakhuphukayo Bahlala Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani Ngaphakathi Kwendawo Yokufa?
Uma ujwayelene nohambo lwe-Everest kungenzeka ukuthi okungenani uke wezwa umthetho wehora lesibili e-EverestCha, akusona isikhathi esithile lapho abaqwali bezintaba behlangana khona ukuze bagubhe ukukhuphuka kwabo ngempumelelo kwentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lo mthetho ojwayelekile wabo bonke abaqwali bezintaba abaya esiqongweni se-Everest ubonisa ukubheja kwabo ngesikhathi. Uma abaqwali bephokophela esiqongweni ngaphakathi indawo yokufa e-Everest ungafiki esicongweni ngo-2:00 ntambama., bese kudingeka bayeke ukukhuphuka ngalolo suku. Kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane ukuthi kungani abakhuphukayo kufanele bayeke ngoba nje sebewe ngemuva kancane kuka-2 ntambama njengoba sebesondela esiqongweni.
Kodwa kunezizathu zokuthi kungani lo mthetho kufanele uhlonishwe futhi uhlonishwe ngesikhathi sohambo lwe-Everest. INtaba i-Everest (amamitha angu-8,849) kusukela ku-Cap IV (amamitha angu-7,950) kuthatha cishe 7- 9 amahora. Abaqwali baphokophela ukuya esiqongweni baqala ekuseni kakhulu benomthamo omncane uma kubhekwa amahora amisiwe okulinganisa. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka noma yimuphi wabaqwali ewela ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, kunamathuba aphezulu okuba baphelelwe umthamo omncane abawuphethe. Njengoba umthamo abawuphethe abaqwali ulinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi amahora angeziwe, amade ngaphakathi kwentaba. Indawo yokufa e-Everest ingaba yingozi.
Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kuyingozi ukuhlala endaweni yokufa I-Everest isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-16-18, kodwa ukusunduza ukuya esicongweni ngemva kuka-2 ntambama kusho ukuthi uhambo lokubuya luzoba mnyama kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi abakhuphukayo bangakwazi ukuhamba kahle kanye nentambo eqinile futhi bavame ukulahleka endleleni esikhundleni sokufika eKamu IV. Umzimba okhathele ngemva kokusunduza isiqongo okukhathazayo, izinsiza ezilinganiselwe, kanye nokungabonwa kahle yizona zindlela eziyingozi kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokukhuphuka Intaba yeklasi yamamitha angu-8,000 njenge-Everest.
Ukubaluleka Kokujwayelana Nengqungquthela Ephumelelayo
Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi uhambo lwezintaba ngokuvamile lude, yize isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhamba ezintabeni eziphakeme singaba cishe amasonto amabili, isikhathi sohambo siphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ungenza uhambo lokuhamba ngezinyawo oluphakeme kakhulu ekamu lase-base, uhambo lokuhamba ngezinyawo e-Everest Base Camp ngaphakathi nje Izinsuku ezingama-12- 14, kodwa uhambo olukhuphukela esiqongweni sentaba oluyi- 3,485 amamitha indawo ephezulu evela ekamu eliyisisekelo ingafinyelela ku- izinyanga ezimbiliNgokombono womuntu ovamile, kungase kungabi nangqondo ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi kangaka entabeni ukuze nje umboze ibanga elilinganiselwa kumamitha angu-3,485.
Kodwa-ke, uhambo lwezintaba olufinyelela esicongweni esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, olwaziwa nangokuthi 'I-Third Pole' kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uma uke wenza uhambo lokuhamba ngezinyawo oluphakeme, khona-ke ungase ujwayelene nenqubo yokujwayela lapho unikezwa khona izinsuku ezithile zokuphumula ukuze uzivumelanise kahle nokuphakama kokuphakama. Isimiso esifanayo siyasebenza phakathi nalolu hambo lwezintaba lapho abaqwali bezintaba kufanele banqobe indawo yokufa e-Everest. Ngokuvamile, uhambo oluphakeme luhlanganisa izindawo zokujwayela ngaphezu kokuphakama kokuphakama kolwandle. 2,500 amamitha njengoba kukhona ingozi yokuthi umzimba womuntu uhlaselwe isifo sokuphakama kule ndawo yokuphakama.
Ngesikhathi sanoma yiluphi uhlobo i-adventure ephezulu, kunconywa ukuthi ungakhuphukeli ngaphezu kokuphakama okungaphezulu 500 amamitha ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kosuku olulodwa. Ngokufanayo, ngemva kwezinsuku zonke 1,000-imitha Uma ubheka umkhawulo, kunconywa ukuthi ube nosuku lokujwayelana nokuphakama ukuze umzimba wakho ujwayele ukuphakama ukuze ungazibeki engozini impilo yakho. Njengoba uhambo lwaseHimalaya eNepal lwenzelwe ukuhlola okuhamba kancane, uzothola isikhathi esanele sokujwayela indawo entsha yokukhuphuka ngisho nangesikhathi sokuhamba ngezinyawo, ngakho-ke izinsuku zokujwayelana nokuphakama zimbalwa.
Everest Rainbow Valley
Njengoba igama lisikisela, ungase ulindele into ethile enemibala futhi ejabulisayo etholakala ngale kwemithambeka eyingozi ye-Everest. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso limnyama kakhulu futhi liyesabeka, isigodi sothingo e-Everest ingxenye engezansi konqenqema olusenyakatho lwentaba eyaziwa nangokuthi 'Ithuna lase-Everest'. Le ngxenye ethile ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa e-Everest ohlangothini olusenyakatho inezidumbu zabakhweli abashona ngesikhathi sohambo lwabo ezisakazeke yonke indawo emithambekeni yezintaba. Izingubo ezimibalabala ezikuyo izidumbu zabantu abakhuphuka izintaba ezihlakazekile nxazonke komthambeka kwenza le ngxenye ibukeke njengothingo lwenkosazana uma ukude.
Njengoba izidumbu zingaboli endaweni ephakeme kangaka futhi zilondolozwe kahle eminyakeni edlule, inani elandayo lokufa kulesi sigaba limane lenezela imibala eminingi emathuneni. Amajakethi anombala obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, nowolintshi angamajakethi ambalwa anombala adlula abakhweli lapho behamba kule ndawo Ngaphandle kwezidumbu, le ndawo igcwele udoti, amatende, amabhodlela e-oxygen, namathini eminyakeni edlule, okwenza kubonakale sengathi yindawo enemibala emithambekeni egcwele iqhwa. Abakhweli bezintaba abadlula kule ndawo entabeni beqhubekela phambili banovalo ngombono abawubona esigodini sase-Everest futhi bayaqonda ukuthi imithambekeni yalesi sihloko esikhulu ingaba yingozi futhi ingathetheleli kangakanani.
Funda lokhu okulandelayo:
Kungani Izidumbu ZaseMt Everest Zingadilizwa?
Uma sibheka inani lezidumbu eziqongelelekayo emithambekeni yentaba, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokufa e-Everest, kungokwemvelo ukuzibuza ukuthi kungani lezi zidumbu zingadilizwa. Uma izidumbu zidilizwa kanye nodoti oshiywe ngabakhweli, ngokuqinisekile bekuzovula isikhala emithambekeni futhi imiphefumulo empofu ingalaliswa. Kodwa-ke, ukubuyisa izidumbu emithambekeni yentaba akuwona umsebenzi olula noma oshibhile, umsebenzi uba nzima nakakhulu uma isidumbu singaphakathi kwendawo yokufa ebulalayo e-Everest. Akukho ndawo efanele yokunyathela ngaphezulu. Ikamu II (amamitha angu-6,400) e-Everest ukuze indiza enophephela emhlane ifike, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wokulanda ngaphezulu kwaleli phuzu kufanele wenziwe ngesandla.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa izindaba ngabakhweli ababengakwazi ukunyakaza futhi bashiywa ngemuva, kungumthetho ongashiwongo ngesikhathi sohambo lwe-Everest. 'Wonke umuntu ngowakhe'. Futhi kuyisinqumo esifanele kakhulu futhi wonke umuntu okhuphuka esicongweni uyazi. Izintaba ezikulesi siqongo esiphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni ziyingozi futhi uma uzama ukuthatha umthwalo womgibeli ongakwazi ukuhamba kahle, kungabeka impilo yakho engcupheni. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nalapho uhlangana nabakhweli bezintaba abangakwazi ukuhamba ezintaba, iningi labakhweli liyabashiya ngemuva bese liqhubeka nokukhula kwabo.
Ngakho-ke, ukubuyisa izidumbu emithambekeni enjalo ebulalayo akuwona umsebenzi olula futhi kudinga iqembu lochwepheshe abangenza lo msebenzi ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokubeka impilo yanoma ubani engozini. Ngokuvamile, izindleko zemisebenzi yokulanda izidumbu entabeni ziqala ku- I-US $ 70,000 futhi ingafinyelela amazinga aphezulu kuye ngokuthi izidumbu zikuphi. Akukho siqinisekiso sokuthi ithimba lizokwazi ukuthola isidumbu ngempumelelo ngoba kudinga isikhathi esiningi sokusesha futhi imvamisa izidumbu zisuke sezimbozwe yiqhwa elijulile. Esikhathini esidlule, kube nezimo lapho ithimba lokusesha nokuthola izidumbu lingazange likwazi ukuthola izidumbu.
Iyini Imbangela Eyinhloko Yokufa Endaweni Yokufa e-Everest?
Kusukela ngo-1922 kuya enkathini yokukhuphuka entwasahlobo ka-2023, inani eliphelele Abagibela izintaba abangu-318 bashonile ngenkathi bezama ukukhuphuka intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kwabangu-318 abashonile, 193 kwakungabakhweli bezintaba kuyilapho 125 babengamalungu aqondisayo eqembu lohambo. Ngokusho kwedatha yeHimalayan Database, izinga lokufa emithambekeni ye-Everest liyisilinganiso cishe 6.2 abaqwali ngonyaka. Phakathi kwabo bonke abantu abafa e-Everest, kokubili ukukhukhuleka kweqhwa kanye nokuwa endleleni yokukhuphuka kuye kwadlula izimpilo ezingaphezu kuka-70 emathafeni entaba. Ukukhathala kanye nokugula kakhulu kwezintaba kuthatha indawo yesithathu neyesine njengoba kufa abantu abangaphezu kuka-30.
Ngokufanayo, ukuchayeka ezimweni zezulu eziphakeme kakhulu kuphinde kwabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-25+, kanti okunye ukufa kuhlobene nezifo ezingezona ezihlobene ne-AMS. Ngisho noma izinga lokufa lilonke ekukhuphukeni kohambo lwe-Everest lisezingeni eliphezulu. 1% futhi 4% Ngemizamo ephumelelayo ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye iziqongo ezinzima, akusho ukuthi lokhu kukhuphukela phezulu emhlabeni akukhathazi kakhulu. Izimo zezulu kanye nezimo ezisezintabeni ze-Everest azikwazi ukubikezelwa, akuthathi sikhathi ukuthi izinto ziphenduke zibe zimbi kusukela ekubukekeni nje okubi. Kuzo zonke izidumbu e-Everest, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezidumbu entabeni libe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufa.
Izinga Lakho Le-Oxygen Lingancipha Kangakanani Ngaphambi Kokuthi Ufe?
Uma kukhulunywa ngokunqoba indawo yokufa e-Everest, lena ingenye yemibuzo ecwaningwe kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, umzimba womuntu usebenza kahle kakhulu uma ukugcwala komoya-mpilo emzimbeni kungaphezulu. 90%Ukusebenza komzimba akuvimbeki ngisho noma izinga lomoya-mpilo lehla liye ku- 85%, njengoba ukhuphukela endaweni ephakeme ukugcwala komoya-mpilo kuhlala kuzungeze 85% - 86% okuyinto evamile ukuthi umzimba usebenze kahle. Kodwa ngemva kokuba izinga lokugcwala komoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho liqale ukwehla ngaphansi kwalokho, lesi simo singasongela impilo.
Uma izinga lakho le-oxygen lehla ngaphansi 55%, khona-ke kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi kuzoholela esigabeni sokungazi lutho noma ngisho nokufa. Yingakho ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngezinyawo ezindaweni eziphakeme kanye nohambo, izinga lakho lomoya-mpilo livame ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi wenza kahle kangakanani ngokukhuphuka kokuphakama.
Kukhona Ongakuthanda:
Isiphetho
Indawo yokufa esifundeni sase-Everest ibhekwe njengesongelayo ngabakhweli bezintaba emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo kanye nobunzima umuntu abhekene nabo ngemuva kokuwela amamitha angu-8000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Umuntu udinga ukuqeqeshwa ngokwanele ukuze aqedele uhambo oluya phezulu. Kuze kube manje, ukufa okuningi esifundeni sase-Everest kwenzeke ngaphezu kwendawo yokufa okuyisizathu esenza ukuthi iqanjwe ngegama layo. Umkhweli wezintaba ofuna ukuhamba phambili kwamamitha angu-8000 kufanele akhumbule ukuthi ukuhlala ezintabeni isikhathi eside kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu emzimbeni ngisho nasekufeni!