I-Maghe Sankranti Festival eNepal

I-Sankranti ngesiSanskrit isho 'ukuguquka' noma 'ukuhamba usuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye.' Ngakho-ke, ngamagama alula, UMaghe Sankranti kusho ukufika kweMagh (माघ), inyanga yeshumi ekhalendeni laseNepal, ngakho-ke kugujwa ngosuku lokuqala lwale nyanga, oluvame ukuba maphakathi noJanuwari. Kodwa, igama elithi Sankranti liphinde libhekisele ekuhambeni kwelanga kusuka kwesinye isibonakaliso se-zodiac kuya kwesinye. Ekuqaleni kwe Magh, ilanga lishintsha libe uphawu lwezinkanyezi UMakar(iCapricorn), eyaziwa nangokuthi UMakar Sankranti. Umkhosi weMaghe Sankranti eNepal kanye nakulo lonke izwekazi laseNdiya ugujwa ngamagama ahlukene, okuphawula ukuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele njengoba ilanga liqala uhambo lwalo oluya enyakatho. (Uttarayan), ukuqeda i-solstice yasebusika. 

IMaghe Sankranti ngumkhosi ogujwa kabanzi eNepal, ngakho-ke, umkhosi omkhulu ezweni. Lo mkhosi ubaluleke kakhulu ngokwenkolo nangokomlando phakathi kwemiphakathi ehlukene yaseNepal. Uhlanganisa amasiko ahlukahlukene atholakala kulo lonke elaseNepal. Ngenkathi komunye umphakathi, kuwukuqala koNyaka Omusha, kwabanye, usuku lokukhumbula abathandekayo abangasekho. Abantu bahlangana ukuze bajabulele amadili, bacule, futhi badanse, bezivumela ukuba bakhohlwe ukukhathazeka kwabo. EbuHindu, ukushiya umzimba ofayo nokufeza i-nirvana kuwusuku oluhle kakhulu. Funda ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngeMaghe Sankranti eNepal.

Igujwa Kanjani iMaghe Sankranti eNepal? 

Imiphakathi eyahlukahlukene igubha iMaghe Sankranti njengomkhosi omkhulu waseNepal kuzo zonke izingxenye zeNepal. Ukuhlangana endaweni eyodwa, ukucula, ukudansa, nokudla ukudla okufana ne-ghee, uku (ama-molasses aqinile eJaggery), kanye ne-yam kuvamile emiphakathini yonke. Nansi indlela iNepal egubha ngayo omunye wemikhosi yayo emikhulu. 

Ukuhlangana kanye namadili 

Imindeni nemiphakathi ihlangana eMaghe Sankranti ukuze babelane ngokudla kanye nezingxoxo ezijabulisayo ngalolu suku, okubonisa ukubaluleka kobunye nokubopha. Imibukiso yendawo ihlelwe ezweni lonke ukuze abantu babuthane ndawonye, ​​lapho behlanganyela khona kwezemidlalo, bathenge izimpahla, futhi bahlanganyele emicimbini yamasiko. 

Imihlangano ayiphelele ngaphandle kwamadili. Abantu badla amabhola e-Yam, Ghee, Chaku, kanye nama-Sweet ekuseni kakhulu. Emibukisweni, bangaqhubeka nokuhlola ezinye izinto zokudla ezifana i-batuk (ukudla okufana ne-donut okwenziwe ngamalentili acwiliswe emanzini), inyama, i-kheer (i-milk-rice pudding), kanye yamori (amadombolo amnandi).

Ukucula nokudansa

Ukucula nokudansa kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zomkhosi weMaghe Sankranti eNepal. Ukumaka isizini yasentwasahlobo kugujwa ngezingoma nemidanso yendabuko. Amadoda nabesifazane bahlanganyela ndawonye kulo mkhosi ojabulisayo begqoke izingubo zendabuko. I-tharu igubha iMaghi ngomdanso wendabuko we-Jhumra kanye i-lathi (induku) umdanso ngenkathi abantu bedlala i-Mi-aruni futhi IsiSorathi. 

Ukugeza Emifuleni Engcwele

UMaghe Sankranti waziwa ngokuthi Makar Snan, ukugeza kokuqala emfuleni ongcwele ngabakhulekeli ngosuku lokuqala lweMagh. Ukugeza kuqala ngobusuku obungaphambi kokuba izinsika zoqalo zingcwatshwe ogwini lwase I-Devghat, lapho uKaligandaki noTrishuli behlangana khona. Ukugeza kwenziwa endaweni lapho imifula emithathu ihlangana khona, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Ti-riveni. Abalandeli bakholelwa ukuthi ukugeza ngesikhathi seMaghe Sankranti emfuleni ongcwele kuletha inhlanhla futhi kuhlanza imiphefumulo yabo, kubakhulule ezonweni. Nazi ezinye zezindawo zalokhu. uMakar snan; 

• UDevghat waseNawalparasi 
• I-Chatara yaseSunsari 
• Ibhange laseKaligandaki
• I-Setiveni yaseParvat
• I-Bagmati Bank yase-Kathmandu Sankhamul
• UMfula iKankai waseJhapa

Ukuvakashela Amathempeli Nokukhulekela

I-Maghe Sankranti umkhosi ogubha ukuguquka kwelanga kusukela ebusika kuya ekujuleni kwehlobo. Ngakho-ke, abakhulekeli abaningi bakhulekela unkulunkulu welanga ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo emvelweni nasekuphileni kwabantu. Njengoba kungumkhosi wokuvuna, abantu abaningi bakhulekela ilanga njengento ebalulekile ekuvuneni izitshalo. Ukunikeza amanzi elangeni (i-arga) kuyisenzo sokukhulekela esibonisa inhlonipho nenhlonipho, futhi sisebenza njengendlela yokukhulekela unkulunkulu welanga. Ngaphandle kukankulunkulu welanga, abakhulekeli bavakashela namathempeli futhi bakhulekele iNkosi uVishnu noNkulunkulukazi uLaxmi ukuze bathole ukuchuma nengcebo. 

Umkhosi Wokulwa Nezinkunzi eNuwakot

Idolobhana elincane eNuwakot, eTaruka, ligubha iMaghe Sankranti ngendlela ehlukile uma liqhathaniswa nelinye izwe laseNepal. Ngaphezu kokucula nokudansa, lo mkhosi uhlanganisa nokulwa kwezinkunzi eTaruka. Abantu abaningi abavela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zaseNepal bavakashela idolobhana ngosuku lokuqala lweMagh ukuzobona izinkunzi zilwa enkundleni. 

Umlando wokulwa kwezinkunzi kulo muzi uqala ngekhulu le-18. Isikhulu saseBajhang, uJay Prithivi Bahadur Singh, wasiletha edolobhaneni ngesikhathi evakashele indlu kamalume wakhe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abantu bakule ndawo baye basilondoloza futhi basiqhuba iminyaka engu-300 ukuze bazijabulise futhi bagubhe umkhosi. Ngokuthandwa kwaso okukhulayo, sesibe umthombo wemali kwabaningi ngenxa yezokuvakasha kwangaphakathi. 

Ukubaluleka kweMaghe Sankranti Emiphakathini Ehlukene yaseNepal

Unyaka Omusha Njengomkhosi WamaGhi Womphakathi WamaTharu

IMaghe Sankranti yaziwa nangokuthi iTila Sakranti, iMaghi, noma iKhichara emphakathini waseTharu futhi iphawula uNyaka Omusha. Umphakathi waseTharu unekhalenda lenyanga elihlukile kwelaseNepal. Usuku lokuqala lweMagh luphawula ukuqala kwesizini yokuvuna ngemva komsebenzi wasensimini omude nokhathazayo. Yisikhathi sokujabulela izithelo zomsebenzi wabo, isizathu sokugubha. Ngakho-ke, futhi kuwumkhosi wokuvuna kubo.

Abantu baseTharu kulo lonke elaseNepal bahlanganyela emibuthanweni yomphakathi kanye nasemikhosini. Futhi bahlabelela futhi badansa. Abancane baqala unyaka wabo ngezibusiso ngokuthinta izinyawo zabantu abadala. Bakhulekela imvelo nonkulunkulu welanga futhi bageza ngokungcwele emifuleni engcwele. Bagqoka izingubo ezintsha, ngokuvamile ezimhlophe neziluhlaza okotshani, ukugubha ukufika konyaka omusha. Okuluhlaza kufanekisela imvelo kanye nemvelo emhlophe enokuthula kaTharu. Umhlobiso abawugqokayo uyisiliva, ofanekisela inyanga. Ngakho-ke, iMaghi ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu baseTharu njengoba bethembele kwezolimo; lolu suku yilapho bonke begubha khona inala yesivuno. 

Unyaka Omusha Womphakathi waseKirant

Njengomphakathi wamaTharu, umphakathi wamaKirant unekhalenda lawo, elibizwa nangokuthi ikhalenda lenyanga. Yele Sambat. Iqanjwe ngenkosi yokuqala yamaKirant, uYalambar. IKathmandu yaqala ukubuswa yiGopal Dynasty, umbuso wokuqala ukubusa iNepal. Ngemva kokuba iGopal Dynasty ifike eMahispala, inkosi yamaKirant, uYalambar, yanqoba umbuso wamaMahispala ukuze ithathe isihlalo sobukhosi saseKathmandu. Wakwenza lokho eMaghe Sankranti, okuphawulwa njengonyaka omusha womphakathi wamaKirant. 

Umkhosi Obalulekile Womphakathi WaseMagar

IMaghe Sankranti nayo igujwa umphakathi wakwaMagar. Kanye nomphakathi wakwaTharu, iqashelwa njengomkhosi kazwelonke womphakathi wakwaMagar. Isisekelo sokugubha lo mkhosi omuhle sifana neso oimiphakathi yabo: ukuphela kobusika kanye nokufika kwentwasahlobo. Egameni lamaMagar, kunegama “udheli,” okusho ukuthi phansi, okufana neDakshinayan noma i-winter solstice. Futhi leli gama “ubheli” kusho ukuthi phezulu, okufana ne-Uttarayan noma i-summer solstice. Lezi zikhathi zibalulekile emphakathini waseMagar njengoba ziphawula isikhathi sokulusa imfuyo phezulu naphansi isuka emadlelweni aphezulu, umsebenzi wabo omkhulu wezomnotho.

UMaghe Sankranti ugujwa nguMagars ngokusebenzisa imibuthano namadili, bagxile ezingomeni nasemisindweni yendabuko yamaMagar. Bamema amadodakazi abo kanye namanye amalungu wesifazane omndeni futhi babakhulekele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bakhulekela “i-pitri” (imimoya yabafileyo ecishe ibe ngcwele) izinsuku ezintathu. Ngalolu suku, abantu abaningi baseMagar bahlanganyela ekucibisheleni ngemicibisholo. Ukukhwehlela kuphakathi kokudla okukhethekile kwabantu baseMagar ngalolu suku. Kuyisitsha esimise okwedonathi esilungiswa ngokugaya amalenti acwiliswe emanzini ngosawoti, upelepele, kanye ne-turmeric, bese kubaswa emafutheni. 

Izibusiso Ezivela Kubadala Emphakathini WaseNewar

Umphakathi waseNewar ubiza uMaghe Sankranti “Ghyo Chaku Sanlhu."I-Ghyo isho i-ghee, i-Chaku isho ama-molasses aqinile e-Jaggery, kanti i-Sanhu isho usuku lokuqala lwenyanga (okufanayo ne-Sakranti). Sekukonke, i-Ghyo Chaku Sanlhu isho ukugubha usuku lokuqala lwenyanga ngokudla i-Ghee ne-Chaku. Umphakathi waseNewar nawo uyadla USamay Baji, equkethe ilayisi eliyisicaba, ama-soybean, ama-pancake elayisi, inyama yenyathi, iqanda elibilisiwe elithosiwe, ama-pancake e-lentil, inhlanzi ethosiwe, isaladi yamazambane ashisayo, nokunye okuningi. 

Njengomphakathi waseMagar, abaseNewars bakhumbula abashonile ngalolu suku. Ngalolu suku, abasebasha bavakashela abantu abadala ukuze bathole izibusiso kanye Dakshina (iminikelo yemali). Abantu asebekhulile bafaka amafutha okupheka ashisayo emakhanda ezingane kanye nezingane, okubonisa ukufudumala. Umphakathi waseNewar ukholelwa ukuthi ukunikela ngokudla nokugeza emifuleni engcwele ngalolu suku kuletha impilo enhle kubantu. 

Izinganekwane zeMaghe Sankranti Festival

Ithempeli likaTil Madhav Narayan

I-Maghe Sankranti kanye nembewu yesesame (til eNeapli) ziyahlangana, njengoba sigubha umkhosi ngokudla ladoos kwenziwe ngazo. Inganekwane evela Bhadgaon (manje eyiBhaktapur) ihlobene neMaghe Sankranti. Kwakukhona umthengisi owayethengisa imbewu yesesame emigwaqweni yaseBhadgaon. Ibhizinisi lakhe lachuma, lamlethela ingcebo. Kodwa-ke, waqala ukuqaphela ukuthi imbewu ayizange iphele. 

Wasesha isitolo sakhe ukuze aqonde imfihlakalo ngemuva kwembewu yesesame engapheli. Ekugcineni wathola isithombe seNkosi uVishnu singcwatshwe ngaphansi kwenqwaba yembewu. Kusukela ngalolo suku, abantu baseBhadgaon bakha ithempeli ngaleso sithombe futhi baqala ukukhulekela iNkosi uVishnu njengoTil Madhav eMaghe Sankranti. Ithempeli laziwa ngokuthi ithempeli likaTil Madhav Narayan. Ukukhulekela iNkosi uVishnu ngalolu suku kukholelwa kabanzi ukuthi kuletha ukuchuma, ingcebo, kanye nokudla okuhlala njalo. 

Inganekwane kaMahabharata Bhishma Pitamah

Usuku lukaMaghe Sankranti, lapho ukuphela kwe-solstice yasebusika, kanye ne-solstice yasehlobo kuqala, lusekelwe kwenye yezinganekwane zamaHindu ezidumile, i- Mahabharata. Omunye wabalingiswa abavelele kakhulu kule nganekwane u- Bhishma Pitamah, kwakhe kwe IGanga. Iqanjwe ekuqaleni I-Devavrata, Wadela ilungelo lakhe lobukhosi futhi wafunga ukungashadi ukuze afeze izifiso zikayise. Umhlatshelo wakhe wamtholela igama kanye nesibusiso sika-“Ichha Mrityu,” okusho ukuthi manje wayesengakhetha isikhathi sokufa kwakhe.

Ngesikhathi sempi enkulu Impi yeMahabharata, U-Arjuna ulimele kakhulu Bhishma ngemicibisholo engenakubalwa. Wawa phansi, isidumbu sakhe sabanjwa phezulu yimicibisholo. Akafanga ngisho nasebuhlungwini obunjalo ngoba wayelinde usuku oluhle ukuba ashiye usana lwakhe olufayo. Ekugcineni, waphefumula okokugcina ngosuku lokuqala lwe-Uttarayana, okwakuwusuku lokuqala lwe-Magh. Kungani engafanga khona manjalo walinda ubusuku obungu-58 ebuhlungwini obuqeda ilanga? Walinda ukufika kwe-solstice yasebusika ngenxa yenkolelo yokuthi labo abafa e-Uttarayana bathola moksha (nirvana), ukubalekela umjikelezo wokuzalwa nokuzalwa kabusha. Ngakho-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi labo abafa ngalolu suku akudingeki badlule emijikelezweni eqhubekayo yokuphila nokufa futhi baye ngqo ezulwini.

Ukubaluleka kweMaghe Sankranti ku-Hindu Astrology

Ku-astrology yamaHindu, Unyaka uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: I-Dakshinayan futhi I-Uttarayan. IDakshinayan yilapho ilanga lihamba liye eningizimu yenkabazwe, kanti i-Uttarayan iya enyakatho yenkabazwe. Ngenkathi iDakshinayan ihlotshaniswa nobumnyama obufushane kanye nokuzihlolisisa, i-Uttarayan ihlotshaniswa nezinsuku ezinde, ukukhanya, nokukhula. Ngokusho kwezinkanyezi zamaHindu, i-Uttarayan "usuku lonkulunkulu," kanti iDakshinayan ubusuku, okwenza iMaghe Sankranti ibe ukusa konkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke, ukushintshela enkabazwe yasebusika (i-Uttarayan) kubhekwa njengokuhle kakhulu futhi kunenani elikhulu ku-Hindu Astrology. 

Izibiliboco ZaseNepal Ongazizama Ngesikhathi Se-Maghe Sankranti

Noma yimuphi umkhosi ongenazo izibiliboco awuyona nhlobo umkhosi. Ngaphandle kwemibuthano, abantu bagubha lo mkhosi ngokuthatha izibiliboco ezivela ezibiliboco ezahlukene zaseNepal. Nasi uhlu lwezinto zokudla ezikhethekile kuMaghe Sankranti

• Til ko Laddu— Ama-Til ko Laddu amabhola amnandi enziwe ngokuxuba imbewu ye-jaggery ne-sesame, kungaba mnyama noma mhlophe. Ngokuvamile, amanye amantongomane afana nama-alimondi nama-cashew nawo ayangezwa. 
• Bhuja ko Laddu— I-Bhuja ko Laddu iyibhola elimnandi elihlanganisa i-jaggery nelayisi eliphekiwe. 
• I-Chaku isidlo sendabuko saseNewari esenziwe nge-jaggery, i-ghee, namantongomane aphekiwe aze aqine.
• I-Ghee— I-Ghee iyibhotela elicwengekile. Njengoba nje i-Maghe Sankranti ishintshela eNtwasahlobo futhi iletha izinsuku ezifudumele, i-ghee ukudla okuhle okufudumeza imizimba yethu. 
• Yamori— I-Yamori ingenye i-Newari Cusine, i-dumpling eyenziwe ngelayisi enokugcwaliswa kwe- I-Chaku or IKhuwa. 
• I-Yam, Umdumbula, kanye nobhatata — Njenge-ghee, imifino yezimpande ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ivikela imizimba yethu emakhazeni. Ngakho-ke, idliwa eMagh Sankranti. 
• Kheer- I-Kheer iyi-pudding yelayisi ekhilimu eyenziwe ngobisi olubilisayo, ushukela, i-jaggery, kanye nelayisi.

Imisebenzi Yokubamba Ingxenye ngesikhathi se-Maghe Sankranti

• Ungavakashela iDevghat yaseNawanparasi noma yimuphi omunye umfula ongcwele lapho imifula emithathu ihlangana khona bese ucwila kuwo nabanye abazinikele.
  
• Ungabamba iqhaza emibukisweni yendawo kanye nemicimbi yamasiko ukuze uhlole ukudla kwendabuko, umdanso, kanye nomculo wemiphakathi ehlukene eNepal.
  
• Ngalolu suku oluhle, unganikela. Ukwabela abaswele ukudla, izingubo, noma ezinye izinto ezidingekayo kukholakala ukuthi kuletha inhlanhla. 
  
• Kwezinye izifunda, ama-flying kite ayinto yomkhosi eMaghe Sankranti. Ungancintisana kulo mdlalo noma uwujabulele nje ukude. 
  
• Ebusuku, kubaswa imililo emikhulu, kushiswe izinto ezindala, okubonisa ukuqala okusha. Ungabuthana uzungeze umlilo ukuze ujabulele ukufudumala kwawo nokwabantu.
  
• Ungahlola amasayithi ohambo olungcwele njenge-Devghat, i-Panauti, noma i-Gosaikunda, amahabhu wabantu abazinikezele ngesikhathi se-Maghe Sankranti. 
  
• Ungavakashela idolobhana laseTaruka eNuwakot ukuze ubuke ukulwa kwezinkunzi.

Izindawo Ezinconyiwe Ongazivakashela Ngesikhathi Se-Maghe Sankranti

I-Kathmandu Valley Tour

Izindawo eziningi ku Kathmandu Valley, njengePatan, iBhaktapur, kanye I-Tudinkhel, bamba imicimbi yamasiko kanye nemibuthano. Ungahlola futhi ama-cafe nezindawo zokudlela zasendaweni ukuze ujabulele izibiliboco zaseMaghe Sankranti. 

Chitwan

EMaghe Sankranti, iChitwan idume ngoNyaka Omusha wamaTharu (iMaghi). Ikhaya labantu abaningi abangamaTharu, iChitwan ingaba yindawo yokushintshisana ngamasiko ngalolu suku, njengoba ungabuka imidanso yendabuko yamaTharu kanye namadili. 

I-Devghat

I-Devghat ingenye yezindawo ezingcwele kakhulu zokuhambela eNepal. Yilapho imifula iKaligandak neTirshuli ihlangana khona. EMaghe Sankranti, izinkulungwane zibuthana lapha ezweni lonke ukuzothatha idili elingcwele. 

Gosaikunda Lake

IGosaikunda iyichibi elingcwele esifundeni saseRasuwa. NjengoDevghat, izihambi ziyalivakashela ukuze zithandaze futhi zizicwilise esimweni salo esinokuthula. Ngesikhathi seMaghe Sankranti, Gosaikunda Lake ingenye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu zokuhamba eNepal. 

Panauti

I-Panauti ibamba iMakar Mela njalo eminyakeni eyi-12 ngesikhathi seMaghe Sankranti. Amadolobha asendulo acebile ngamathempeli namagugu amasiko futhi angaba uhambo lokuphila konke oluzovakashelwa ngesikhathi seMakar Mela. 

Nuwakot

Enye indawo ongayivakashela ngesikhathi seMaghe Sankranti yidolobhana laseTaaruka eNuwakot. Idolobhana libamba ukungqubuzana kwezinkunzi ngalolu suku lonyaka, okungaba umbukwane ongawubuka. 

Isiphetho

Umkhosi weMaghe Sankranti ugujwa ngosuku lokuqala lweMagh. Umkhosi ogubha ukufika kwe-solstice yasehlobo lapho ilanga lihamba liye enyakatho. Ushintsha usuka ePoush uye enyangeni yeMagh, lo mkhosi uphinde ube umkhosi wokuphela kobusika kanye nokufika kwentwasahlobo. Imiphakathi ehlukene yaseNepal igubha iMaghe Sankranti, futhi inokubaluleka okuhlukile. Emiphakathini yamaTharu neKirant, kunguNyaka Omusha, kanti emiphakathini yamaMagar neNetwar, kuwumkhosi wokukhumbula oshonile. Abantu bathatha i-dip engcwele, bageze emifuleni engcwele, futhi bakhulekele unkulunkulu welanga. Ukuhlangana, ukudla, ukucula, nokudansa yindlela abantu baseNepal abagubha ngayo iMaghe Sankranti. 

Uma useNepal ngesikhathi seMaghe Sankranti, ungakhohlwa ukunambitha iGhee, iChaku, kanye ne-yam.