Umkhosi eNepal

Umkhosi eNepal ugujwa iminyaka eminingi. Le mikhosi imelela amasiko ahlukene kanye nezinhlanga zabantu abahlukene abahlala lapha. Yonke le mikhosi igxile kakhulu emasikweni nasezinkolelweni zabo bonke abantu baseNepal. Naphezu kokuba iNepal inendawo encane, abantu bahlala eduze komunye nomunye ngenkathi begubha umkhosi. 

Ukuya eNepal ngezikhathi zemikhosi kukunikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele. Uzobona imihlobiso enemibala, imisebenzi yendabuko, kanye nemikhosi ejabulisayo ngesikhathi somkhosi eNepal. Yithuba elihle lokuzicwilisa emasikweni acebile. Futhi, ukuhlola iNepal ngesikhathi somkhosi kusho ukuthi ungazama okunye kokudla kwendabuko okungcono kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzobona nezimakethe ezigcwele imisebenzi yezandla nezimpahla zendabuko, lapho ungazithenga khona njengesikhumbuzo.

INepal idume hhayi nje ngobuhle bayo bemvelo kodwa futhi njengendawo engcono kakhulu yokuhamba ngenxa yamasiko ayo acebile kanye nemikhosi. Ungakha izinkumbulo ezingasoze zalibaleka noma ngabe uhamba ngezinyawo uya eHimalaya noma uhlola amadolobha aphithizelayo ngesikhathi semikhosi.

Imikhosi Edumile YaseNepal Okufanele Uyijabulele

Kulungile, uyafisa ukuya eNepal ngesikhathi somkhosi? Kodwa uzibuza ukuthi iyiphi inkathi engaba ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kuwe? Nazi ezinye zemikhosi emikhulu eNepal. Ukuhamba phakathi nale mikhosi kungakunikeza ulwazi oluhle kakhulu lwesiko ngobuhle bemvelo.

Funda kabanzi: Ngaphambi Kokuya ENepal

UDashain (uVijya Dashmi)

I-Dashain ngumkhosi omude kakhulu futhi odumile eNepal, ohlala isikhathi eside izinsuku 15. Kubaluleke kakhulu kumaHindu aseNepal yonke indawo. Ngesikhathi seDashain, abantu bagxila emndenini nasemphakathini. Abaningi babuyela eNepal noma emadolobheni abo. Lo mkhosi ugubha unkulunkulukazi uDurga enqoba idemoni uMahishasura. Abantu bagubha ngamadili, imibuthano, imibukiso, imithandazo, kanye neminikelo kunkulunkulukazi.

Ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye, iThempeli laseTaleju eDurbar Square eKathmandu livulekela umphakathi, okuwukuphela kwesikhathi amaHindu angalivakashela ngaso minyaka yonke. Usuku lweshumi, olwaziwa ngokuthi “tika,” luyamangalisa. Abantu bafaka irayisi i-tika (impuphu enombala) emabunzini abo futhi bagqoke izingubo ezintsha. Umkhosi uphela ngosuku olugcwele lwenyanga, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi iKojagrat Purnima. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuzwa isizini ebalulekile yemikhosi yaseNepal, khona-ke ukuvakasha ngesikhathi seDashain, nayo ewela ekwindla (Septhemba noma ngo-Okthoba), kukulungele. 

I-Tihar (Deepawali)

I-Tihar, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Deepawali, ingumkhosi oqhakazile futhi ojabulisayo eNepal. UMkhosi Wezibani uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ngoba imizi nemigwaqo kukhanyiswa izibani zikawoyela, amakhandlela, kanye nezibani zikagesi ezimibalabala. Lo mkhosi uthatha izinsuku ezinhlanu. Usuku ngalunye lubonisa udumo konkulunkulu abahlukene, ezilwaneni, kanye nobudlelwano bomndeni. Ngosuku lokuqala, abantu bakhonza amagwababa ukuze bafihle izindaba ezimbi.

Ngokufanayo, usuku lwesibili lungolwezinja, zihlonipha ukwethembeka kwazo. Usuku lwesithathu lungolwezinkomo futhi lufanekisela ingcebo nokuchuma. Usuku lwesine lugubha izinkabi noma isibopho phakathi kwabantu nemvelo. Usuku lokugcina lungolwabafowethu nodadewethu, abenza amasiko enhlalakahle yomunye nomunye. Ukuhamba ngesikhathi seTihar kuhlukile ngoba izwe linezibani nemihlobiso. Ungajabulela isimo semikhosi futhi uhlanganyele emikhubeni yamasiko.

Holi

I-Holi umkhosi wombala ogujwa kuzo zonke izindawo kulo lonke elaseNepal. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lona omunye umkhosi odumile phakathi kwabantu bamaHindu. Lo mkhosi uba sentwasahlobo. Umelela ukunqoba kokuhle phezu kobubi. Ngesikhathi seHoli, abantu bagubha ngokuphonsana amaphakethe amaningi anemibala namanzi. Lona ngomunye wemikhosi enemibala eminingi futhi egqamile ongayijabulela emigwaqweni yase- Kathmandu Valley.

I-Holi iqala ngomlilo omkhulu ngobusuku obandulele, obizwa ngokuthi i-Holika Dahan. Ifanekisela ukushiswa kwemimoya emibi. Ngosuku olulandelayo, abantu babuthana emigwaqweni nasezindaweni zomphakathi ukuze badlale ngemibala, bacule, futhi badanse ngenkathi bejabulela ukudla kwemikhosi. Amaswidi neziphuzo zendabuko, njenge-gujiya ne-thandai, kwabelwana ngazo phakathi kwabangani nomndeni. Izivakashi eziningi kulezi zinsuku ziya eNepal phakathi nalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Lesi sikhathi samaholide sinikeza wonke umuntu umuzwa ofanele wenjabulo nokulingana.

Imikhosi Yesifunda

Indra Jatra

I-Indra Jatra, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Yenya, ingumkhosi omkhulu wasemgwaqweni wase-Kathmandu. Kwenzeka ngenyanga yaseNepal iBhadra (kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba) futhi kuthatha izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili. Abantu baseNepal bagubha ngokuthandaza ku-Indra noDagini ukuze bathole isivuno esihle futhi bakhumbule labo abashona ngonyaka odlule. Ngosuku lokugcina, bashisa ifulegi eKathmandu Durbar Square ukuphawula ukuphela komkhosi we-Indra Jatra.

Ngesikhathi se-Indra Jatra, baphakamisa isigxobo eside esibizwa ngokuthi i-Yosin noma i-Linga. Lokhu kuphawula ukuqala komkhosi. Kunemibukiso ephilayo enemidanso egqoke izifihla-buso njengomdanso waseLakhey kanye nemibukiso yezithombe ezingcwele nonkulunkulu. Okuvelele yiKumari Jatra, lapho unkulunkulukazi ophilayo uKumari ethwalwa khona emigwaqweni ngenqola. Ukuvakasha ngesikhathi se-Indra Jatra kukuvumela ukuthi ubone imibuthano enemibala, imidanso yendabuko, kanye nesimo esijabulisayo emigwaqweni yaseKathmandu.

Tj

I-Teej ngumkhosi wabo bonke abesifazane eNepal. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngo-Agasti futhi ihlala izinsuku ezintathu. Abesifazane bagqoka ama-saree abomvu akhanyayo futhi bahlobise nge-tika ebomvu, amabhengele kanye nobucwebe. Bahlangana ndawonye ukuzocula izingoma zesintu nokudansa ngenjabulo ngesikhathi somkhosi. I-Teej ibalulekile kwabesifazane abashadile abathola izimemo zokuvakashela amakhaya abazali babo futhi bajabulele amadili.

Ngemva kwedili elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi iDar, abesifazane bazila ukudla 24 amahora, ukungadli noma ukuphuza. Kuyamangaza ukubona abesifazane babo bonke ubudala bedansa ngamandla, ngisho noma kushisa noma lina. Lokhu kubonisa ukuzinikela namandla abo. Izinkulungwane zabesifazane abagqoke izingubo ezibomvu neziluhlaza zihlangana ethempelini lasePashupatinath, indawo ehamba phambili yeTeej. Njengomhambi, ungabona izigcawu zemikhosi, ngezinye izikhathi ujoyine ubumnandi, futhi uhlanganyele ekudanseni nasemikhosini ephilayo.

UMaghe Sankranti

I-Maghe Sankranti ingumkhosi wokuvuna wamaHindu eNepal. Igubha ilanga lingena esibonakalisweni sezinkanyezi seCapricorn. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka maphakathi noJanuwari futhi kuletha injabulo enkulu kanye nokugubha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngesikhathi seMaghe Sankranti, abantu baseNepal badla ukudla kwendabuko okufana nama-yam, ubhatata, kanye namaswidi enziwe ngembewu yesesame kanye nama-molasses.

Esinye sezidlo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-“til ko laddu,” ibhola elimnandi elenziwe ngembewu yesesame kanye ne-jaggery. Imindeni iyabuthana ukuze idle futhi ishintshane ngezibusiso zokuchuma ngonyaka ozayo. Amasiko ahlanganisa ukugeza okungcwele emifuleni nokuvakashela amathempeli ukuze uthandaze futhi wenze iminikelo. Uma uhlela ukuvakashela nokuhamba ngezinyawo eNepal phakathi nalo mkhosi, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ukuhamba ngezinyawo kungaba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa ukugubha umkhosi nokuhlola amanye amadolobha eNepal, ukuhamba ngesikhathi seMaghe Sankranti kungaba ngcono kakhulu.

Imikhosi Yezizwe Namasiko

I-Losar

Umkhosi weLosar eNepal uwumkhosi omkhulu. Abantu basezintabeni bagubha umkhosi. Lona ngumkhuba omkhulu wamaSherpa, amaGurung, amaTamang, namaThakalis. Lo mkhosi waziwa nangokuthi uNyaka Omusha waseTibet. Ulandela umjikelezo weminyaka eyishumi nambili obizwa ngokuthi “iLohokor.” Unyaka ngamunye umelelwa yisilwane. Ngesikhathi seLosar, iNepal iba nomdlandla.

Ngesikhathi seLosar, abantu bayahlangana ukuze benze imikhosi yenkolo. Babingelelana ngemfudumalo. Izindlu zihlotshiswe ngamafulegi omthandazo akhanyayo kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko emihle. Lokhu kwenza isimo sezulu sibe sijabulisayo futhi siphile. I-Losar ivame ukwenzeka ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi. Iphawula ukuqala kwentwasahlobo esifundeni saseHimalaya. Lesi sikhathi sezulu sinesimo sezulu esihle. Kunesibhakabhaka esicacile kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi.

Chhath

Umkhosi weChhath ugujwa ngokukhulekela uNkulunkulu weLanga. Abantu abavela esifundeni saseTerai kanye nemiphakathi yaseMadhesi benza lo mkhosi. Lo mkhosi uthatha izinsuku ezine futhi ugujwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba noma ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, cishe ngenyanga yamaHindu iKartik.

Ngesikhathi seChhath, abakhulekeli benza amasiko okubonga uNkulunkulu weLanga. Bakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu weLanga usekela ukuphila emhlabeni. Ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga, bacwilisa emifuleni noma kwezinye izindawo zamanzi. Bayama emanzini bathandaze. Banikela ngezithelo, umoba, namaswidi enziwe ekhaya kuNkulunkulu weLanga.

Ibhayisikili Jatra

Umkhosi weBisket Jatra eBhaktapur uhlala izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye nobusuku obuyisishiyagalombili. Ekuqaleni ubizwa ngokuthi iBisayaku Jatra ngolimi lwesiNewari, okusho ukuthi “Ukubulawa Kwenyoka.” Ihlotshaniswa noNyaka Omusha waseNepal (ikhalenda leBikram Sambat) kodwa ayihlobene ngqo nayo. I-Bisket Jatra yenzeka ngo-Ephreli.

Ngesikhathi somkhosi, umcimbi omkhulu udwendwe lwezinqola. Ubonisa onkulunkulu abanjengoBhairav, uBhadrakali, nabanye onkulunkulu begqoke ama-palanquin (ama-khat). Udwendwe luqala ethempelini laseNyatpola. Izinqola zihamba ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomuzi. Ziyama ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze abazinikele bakwazi ukuhlonipha nokuthandaza.

Imikhosi Yezenkolo

Buddha Jayanti

UBuddha Jayanti uwumkhosi omkhulu eNepal. Uhlonipha ukuzalwa kweNkosi uBuddha futhi uhlanganisa amasiko nemikhosi eminingi. Ngesikhathi sikaBuddha Jayanti, abantu baya ezindlini zezindela, kuma-gumbas nasemathempelini ukuyothandaza, ukukhanyisa izibani, nokuhlabelela imibhalo engcwele. Ama-puja akhethekile kanye nezikhathi zokuzindla zenzeka. Agxila ezimfundisweni zikaBuddha futhi ahlose ukuthula okungokomoya.

INepal inamathempeli amaningi, ama-gumba, namathempeli. IKathmandu inezindawo eziningi kakhulu. Ungavakashela izindawo eziningi zamaBuddha eKathmandu noma eLumbini, lapho iNkosi uBuddha yazalelwa khona. EKathmandu, kunezindawo eziningi ezidumile ongazibona. Lezi zindawo zifaka phakathi iSwayambhunath, iBoudhanath, iPatan, iNamo Buddha, kanye namathempeli ahlukahlukene azungeze isigodi.

Shivaratri

Lona omunye umkhosi omkhulu ogujwa ngabantu bamaHindu. Ngenxa yalokhu, badumisa iNkosi uShiva. Ngalobu busuku, abakhulekeli bayazila ukudla futhi bahlala bephapheme. Abantu bathandaza eNkosini uShiva futhi bacele impilo, ingcebo, nokukhula ngokomoya. Ngesikhathi seShivaratri, abantu bavakashela amaThempeli eShiva. Bahlabelela ama-mantra, bahlabelela izingoma, futhi benza amasiko ukukhombisa ukuzinikela kwabo.

Ithempeli lasePashupatinath eKathmandu liyisikhungo semikhosi yaseShivaratri eNepa.l. Izinkulungwane zabalandeli ziza lapha zivela kulo lonke izwe nangale minyaka yonke. Ithempeli lizwakala ngezinsimbi kanye nezingoma njengoba abantu benika i-lingam yeShiva ubisi, uju kanye namaqabunga e-bilva. Esinye sezenzakalo eziyinhloko ngesikhathi seShivaratri ubuciko obuqhutshwa ebusuku ePashupati. Ungahlanganyela kulo mkhosi obalulekile uma uvakashela eNepal ngesikhathi seShivaratri.

Imikhosi Yesizini

Basant Panchami

I-Basanta Panchami ngumkhosi waseNepal ogujwa ngoFebhuwari ukuhlonipha iNkosi uSaraswati. Abantu bagubha ngentshiseko, bamukela isizini yokuqala okusha nezimbali eziqhakazayo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abafundi nabanye bafuna izibusiso zolwazi nokuhlakanipha.

Ukuvakashela eNepal ngesikhathi seBasanta Panchami kuyinto enhle kakhulu. Izwe linezimbali eziphuzi kuphela, futhi isimo senjabulo siyathelelana. Njengengxenye yomkhosi, ungavakashela amathempeli ahlotshiswe kahle bese ubona amasiko lapho. Lesi yisikhathi esifanele sokuzwa ubuhle beNepal njengoba intwasahlobo iletha isimo sezulu esimnandi kanye nezindawo ezinhle kakhulu.

URato Machhindranath

Umkhosi kaRato Machhindranath obizwa nangokuthi uMkhosi KaNkulunkulu Wemvula, ubalulekile eSigodini saseKathmandu. Udumisa uRato Machhindranath. Ukhonzwa njengonkulunkulu wemvula nomhlinzeki wezinhlamvu.. URato Machhindranath usho uMachhendranath Obomvu ngenxa yesithombe esibomvu sikankulunkulu. Umkhosi wezinqola ulandela ikhalenda yenyanga, ngakho-ke usuku luyashintsha minyaka yonke. Uqala ngosuku lwesine lwesonto elikhanyayo leBachhalā, inyanga yesikhombisa ekhalendeni lenyanga leNepal Sambat.

Isiphetho

Sekukonke, ukugubha imikhosi eNepal kuyithuba elihle kakhulu. Uzobona isiko elicebile laseNepal. Uzothola abantu abanobungane nemicimbi enemibala noma ngabe ukhetha ini. Dashain, Tihar, noma omunye umkhosi. Intwasahlobo kanye nekwindla, lapho kwenzeka khona imikhosi emikhulu eminingi, nazo zibonisa indawo enhle yaseNepal kanye nesimo sezulu esimnandi. Gubha le mikhosi eNepal futhi wenze u-2024 wakho ukhumbuleke. Woza sakhe izinkumbulo ndawonye.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa