Malo Ofera pa Everest

Ngati mukudziwa bwino maulendo opita kumapiri, ndiye kuti mwina munamvapo za zigawo zoopsa pamapiri otchedwa malo ofera. Phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Mt. Everest, lomwe lili pamtunda wa mamita 8,848.86 (29,031.7 mapazi) , lilinso ndi gawoli lotchedwa malo ofera. Ndiye, kodi malo ofera pa Phiri la Everest ndi chiyani?

Malo ofera anthu ndi gawo linalake la Everest lomwe lili pamwamba pa mamita 8,000 ndipo mpweya wake sukwanira mokwanira kotero kuti okwera mapiri sakulangizidwa kukhala mkati mwa malowa kwa maola opitilira 16-18 . Ndi limodzi mwa malamulo okhwima a ulendo wa Everest kuti okwera mapiriwo asakhale mkati mwa malo ofera anthu kwa nthawi yoposa nthawi yomwe yalangizidwa, apo ayi akhoza kupha anthu.

Kodi Muyenera Kufika ku Death Zone pa EBC Trek?

Malo ofera ku Everest ndi gawo lapadera pamwamba pa mtunda wa mamita 8,000. Komabe, okwera mapiri omwe anali paulendo wa Everest anayenera kudutsa gawoli m'phirili, koma oyenda pansi pa Everest Base Camp Trek safunika kutero. Komabe, ulendo wopita ku msasa wautali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Everest Base Camp pa mamita 5,364 (mapazi 17,598) si nthabwala. Ulendo wotchuka wa Himalaya uwu umayambira ku Lukla, chipata cholowera ku Everest pa mamita 2,860 (mapazi 9,383).

Pamene mukuyenda munjira yoyenda pansi, mudzapambana malo okwera kwambiri monga Tengboche (mamita 3,860), Lobuche (mamita 4,910), Gorakshep (mamita 5,125) ndi malo okwera kwambiri paulendo wonse, Kalapatthar ili pamtunda wa mamita 5,645 (mamita 18,520) kuchokera pamlingo wa nyanja. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti oyenda pansi sayenera kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wochepa monga momwe zilili mkati mwa malo ofera pa Everest, ayenerabe kusamala ndi matenda okwera chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wokwanira ku Everest Base Camp kudakali kochepera 50% kuposa kuchuluka kwa nyanja.

Kodi Death Zone pa Everest ndi yoopsa bwanji?

Thupi la munthu limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri panyanja, pamlingo uwu, mpweya wokwanira mumlengalenga ndi wokwanira ubongo ndi mapapo athu. Komabe, pamene mukukwera pamwamba, zimakhala zovuta kuti thupi ligwire bwino ntchito. Pali chiopsezo kuti thupi la munthu lidwale matenda okwera mamita 2,500 . Chifukwa chake, ndithudi, kukwera phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pamalo okwera kwambiri okhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri pamene mukudutsa m'malo okwera si ntchito yophweka. Malo ofera pa Everest ndi chopinga chachikulu panthawi ya ulendo waukuluwu pomwe okwera mapiri amayenera kuthana ndi mpweya wochepa.

Mpweya wokwanira mkati mwa malo ofera pa Everest uli pa 34% , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukhala ndi moyo pa gawo ili la phiri n'kosatheka kwa munthu wamba wokwera mapiri. Ndipotu, malo osowa mpweya pa Everest ndi oopsa kwambiri kotero kuti thupi lanu limayamba kuwonongeka ndipo thupi lanu limayamba kufa mphindi ndi mphindi ndipo selo ndi selo. Pamene ubongo ndi mapapo mkati mwa malo ofera akufa akusowa mpweya, chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri, chimawononganso mawonekedwe ndi kuweruza. Kuphatikiza ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa masiku ambiri okulira komanso kuyerekezera nthawi, ulendo wa Everest ukhoza kukhala wovuta kwambiri kwa okwera mapiri opepuka omwe sangathe kukhala odekha panthawi zovuta.

Kodi N’chiyani Chimachitika ku Thupi Lanu ku Malo Ofera?

 

Kupatula kuti thupi lanu limafa mphindi iliyonse ndi selo ndi selo, muyeneranso kuyang'anitsitsa matenda a m'mapiri ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Mukakwera pamwamba pa mtunda woposa mamita 8,000 kuti mugonjetse malo ofera pa Everest, pali zoopsa zodwala matenda a m'mapiri monga Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) , High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE), ndi High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE). Ngakhale kuti matenda ofatsa a m'mapiri sakuonedwa ngati vuto lalikulu, mukalowa m'dera la imfa, pali mwayi waukulu woti mudwale matenda oopsa a m'mapiri omwe ndi adzidzidzi ndipo akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo.

Mofananamo, hypoxia ndi vuto lina lodetsa nkhawa lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya wokwanira ku ziwalo zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lanu. Vutoli ndi loopsa kwambiri moti limatha kuwononga ubongo wanu, chiwindi, ndi ziwalo zina zofunika m'thupi lanu patangopita mphindi zochepa zizindikiro zitayamba. Ubongo wanu ukapanda kupeza mpweya wokwanira, umayamba kutupa ndipo umabweretsa vuto lotchedwa High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE), gawo loopsa komanso lomaliza la matenda a m'mapiri.

Gawo lomaliza la matenda okwera phirili lingayambitse mutu, nseru, komanso kukhudza luso losavuta loganiza komanso kuganiza. Pa gawoli pomwe ubongo umayamba kutupa, okwera phiri amadziwikanso kuti amalowa mu delirium yomwe imaonedwa ngati mtundu wa psychosis. Anthu okwera mapiri omwe adafika pagawo lomaliza la HACE amadziwika kuti amachita zinthu zachilendo monga kulankhula ndi anzawo ongopeka, kuvula zovala zawo ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri, ndikusiya njira yodziwika ikuyendayenda.

Zoopsa Zina Zomwe Zingakhalepo M'dera la Imfa pa Everest

Anthu okwera mapiri omwe ali pafupi ndi malo ofera imfa ayeneranso kudziteteza ku kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumaonekera pa ayezi ndi chipale chofewa komwe kungawononge maso awo. Mofananamo, pamalo otsetsereka ozizira pomwe kutentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi -18 ºC , pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha chisanu. Kuzizira kwambiri kumachitika kwambiri m'ziwalo za thupi monga zala, zala zakumapazi, mphuno, ndi makutu , m'malo ozizira kwambiri, kuzizira kwambiri kumatha kukhala ndi minofu yolusa, komwe kuduladula ndiye njira yokhayo. Khungu la chipale chofewa ndi vuto lina loopsa m'malo ofera pomwe anthu okwera mapiri amakumana ndi vuto la masomphenya kwakanthawi chifukwa cha chipale chofewa chosatha komanso ayezi m'malo otsetsereka.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutopa ndi vuto lina lomwe anthu okwera mapiri amakumana nalo nthawi zonse. Ndi vuto lotopetsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kupsinjika maganizo ndi thupi kapena matenda aliwonse panthawi ya ulendowu. Mavuto onsewa ofooka komanso osawoneka bwino angayambitse kugwa mwangozi ndi kulephera kusuntha konse kuchokera pamalo awo. Ndipotu, kutopa ndi vuto loopsa kwambiri paulendo wamapiri kotero kuti ndi vuto lachiwiri lalikulu la imfa paphiri pambuyo pa matenda okwera.

Kodi Anthu Okwera M'mapiri Amakhala Nthawi Yaitali Bwanji M'dera la Imfa?

Ngati mukudziwa bwino ulendo wa Everest, ndiye kuti mwina munamvapo lamulo la ola lachiwiri pa Everest . Ayi, si nthawi yeniyeni yomwe okwera mapiri amasonkhana kuti akondwerere kukwera kwawo bwino pa phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Lamuloli lachindunji la okwera mapiri onse omwe akupita pamwamba pa Everest limasonyeza kuti akusewera nthawi. Ngati okwera mapiri omwe akukakamira pamwamba pa Everest safika pamwamba pofika 2:00 pm , ndiye kuti ayenera kusiya kukwera tsiku limenelo. Zingawoneke ngati zazing'ono chifukwa chake okwera mapiri ayenera kusiya chifukwa chakuti agwa pang'ono 2 koloko masana chifukwa akuyandikira kale pamwamba.

Koma pali zifukwa zomwe lamuloli liyenera kulemekezedwa ndi kulemekezedwa panthawi ya ulendo wa Everest. Kukwera pamwamba pa phiri la Everest (mamita 8,849) kuchokera ku Cap IV (mamita 7,950) kumatenga pafupifupi maola 7-9 . Okwera phiri amalimbikira kuti ayambe m'mawa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa madzi poganizira maola omwe aperekedwa kuti akwere. Chifukwa chake, ngati wina aliyense mwa okwera phiri alephera kukwera nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa, pali mwayi waukulu woti atha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kochepa komwe anyamula. Popeza kuchuluka komwe okwera phirilo amanyamula ndi kochepa, makamaka kowonjezera, maola ataliatali mkati mwa malo ofera pa Everest akhoza kukhala oopsa.

Sikuti ndi zoopsa kukhala m'dera la imfa pa Everest kwa maola opitilira 16-18 okha , komanso kukankhira pamwamba pa phiri pambuyo pa 2 koloko masana kumatanthauza kuti ulendo wobwerera udzakhala mumdima waukulu. Chifukwa chake, pali mwayi waukulu kuti okwera phirilo sadzatha kuyendetsa bwino chingwe chokhazikika ndipo nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti amataya njira m'malo mofika ku Camp IV. Thupi lotopa pambuyo pa kukankhira pamwamba pa phirilo, zinthu zochepa, komanso kusawoneka bwino ndizomwe zimayambitsa ngozi kwambiri pankhani yokwera phiri la mamita 8,000 ngati Everest.

Kufunika kwa Kuzolowera Msonkhano Wabwino

Mwina mwazindikira kuti maulendo a m'mapiri nthawi zambiri amakhala aatali, ngakhale kuti nthawi yokwanira yoyenda m'mapiri okwera kwambiri imatha kukhala milungu iwiri , nthawi yoyenda imakhala yokwera kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mutha kuchita ulendo wautali kwambiri woyenda m'misasa, ulendo wa Everest Base Camp mkati mwa masiku 12-14 okha , koma ulendo wokwera mpaka pamwamba pa phiri lomwe lili mamita 3,485 okha kuchokera ku msasa ungatenge miyezi iwiri . Malinga ndi malingaliro a munthu wamba, sizingakhale zomveka kuthera nthawi yochuluka choncho paphiri kuti mungoyenda mtunda wa mamita 3,485.

Komabe, ulendo wa mapiri womwe umakwera pamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, womwe umadziwikanso kuti ' Third Pole ' ndi wovuta kwambiri. Ngati mudachitapo ulendo wokwera mapiri okwera, ndiye kuti mukudziwa bwino njira yozolowera momwe mumakhalira ndi masiku ena opumula kuti muzolowere bwino mtunda wokwera. Mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito paulendo wa mapiriwu pomwe okwera mapiri amayenera kudutsa malo ofera pa Everest. Kawirikawiri, ulendo wa mapiri okwera umaphatikizapo malo ozolowera pamtunda wa mamita 2,500 chifukwa pali chiopsezo choti thupi la munthu lidwale matenda okwera pamwamba pa malo okwera awa.

Paulendo uliwonse wokwera phiri , ndi bwino kuti musakwere pamwamba pa mtunda woposa mamita 500 patsiku limodzi lokwera phiri. Mofananamo, mukamaliza ulendo uliwonse wa mamita 1,000 , ndi bwino kukhala ndi tsiku lozolowera kuti thupi lanu lizolowere mtunda wokwera kuti musaike thanzi lanu pachiswe. Popeza maulendo a ku Himalaya ku Nepal amapangidwira kuti mufufuze pang'onopang'ono, mudzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yozolowera malo atsopano okwera ngakhale panthawi ya ulendo woyenda pansi, kotero masiku ozolowera ndi ochepa.

Everest Rainbow Valley

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, mungakhale mukuyembekezera chigwa chokongola komanso chosangalatsa chomwe chili kuseri kwa mapiri oopsa a Everest. Komabe, zoona zake n'zakuti mdima kwambiri komanso woopsa, chigwa cha utawaleza ku Everest ndi gawo lomwe lili pansi pa phiri lakumpoto lomwe limadziwikanso kuti 'Manda a Everest'. Gawoli lomwe lili mkati mwa malo ofera ku Everest kumpoto lili ndi mitembo ya okwera omwe adamwalira paulendo wawo mozungulira mapiri. Zovala zokongola pa mitembo ya okwera mapiri omwe adabalalika kuzungulira phirili zimapangitsa gawoli kuwoneka ngati utawaleza patali.

Popeza mitembo ya akufa siiwola pamalo okwera kwambiri ndipo imasungidwa bwino kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe afa m'derali kwangowonjezera mitundu yambiri kumanda. Majekete ofiira, abuluu, obiriwira, achikasu, ndi a lalanje ndi majekete ochepa amitundu omwe okwera mapiri amadutsa akamadutsa m'derali Kupatula mitembo, gawoli ladzaza ndi zinyalala, mahema, mabotolo a okosijeni, ndi zitini kwa zaka zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti liwoneke ngati gawo lokongola pamapiri odzaza ndi chipale chofewa. Anthu okwera mapiri omwe amadutsa m'derali akuyenda patsogolo amanjenjemera ndi zomwe amawona m'chigwa cha utawaleza cha Everest ndipo amamvetsetsa momwe mapiri a phirili lalikulu angakhalire oopsa komanso osakhululuka.

Werengani izi zotsatirazi:

• Everest Short Trek
• Nsapato Zobiriwira za Everest
• Everest Mountain Flight

N’chifukwa chiyani mitembo ya anthu akufa ku Mount Everest sinagwetsedwe?

Poganizira kuchuluka kwa mitembo yomwe ili m'mapiri a phiri, makamaka m'dera la imfa ku Everest, n'zachibadwa kufuna kudziwa chifukwa chake mitemboyi sinagwetsedwe. Ngati mitemboyo itagwetsedwera pamodzi ndi zinyalala zomwe okwera phirilo anasiya, zikanatsegula malo otsetsereka ndipo miyoyo yosaukayo ikayikidwa. Komabe, kutenga mitemboyo m'mapiri a phirilo si ntchito yosavuta kapena yotsika mtengo, ntchitoyo imakhala yovuta kwambiri ngati mtemboyo uli mkati mwa dera la imfa yoopsa ku Everest. Palibe malo oyenera opondapo pamwamba pa Camp II (mamita 6,400) ku Everest kuti helikopita ikwere, kotero ntchito yopezera mitemboyo pamwamba pa malo awa iyenera kuchitidwa ndi manja.

Mwina munamvapo nkhani zokhudza okwera mapiri omwe sankatha kusuntha ndipo anasiyidwa, ndi lamulo losanenedwa panthawi ya ulendo wa Everest wakuti 'Munthu aliyense payekha' . Ndi chisankho cholondola kwambiri ndipo wokwera phiri aliyense amene akukwera pamwamba amadziwa zimenezo. Malo otsetsereka pamwamba pa phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi oopsa ndipo ngati muyesa kutenga udindo kwa wokwera phiri amene sangathe kusuntha bwino, akhoza kuyika moyo wanu pachiswe. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mutakumana ndi okwera mapiri omwe sangathe kusuntha pamwamba, ambiri okwera phiri amawasiya ndikupitiriza ndi kukula kwawo.

Choncho, kuchotsa mitembo m'malo otsetsereka otere si ntchito yophweka ndipo imafuna gulu la akatswiri omwe angathe kuchita opaleshoniyi bwino popanda kuika miyoyo ya aliyense pachiwopsezo. Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wopezera mitembo kuchokera ku phiri umayamba pa US$ 70,000 ndipo ukhoza kufika pamlingo wokwera kutengera komwe mitembo ili. Palibe chitsimikizo chakuti gululo lidzatha kupeza mitemboyo bwino chifukwa imatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ifufuzidwe ndipo nthawi zambiri mitemboyo imakhala itaphimbidwa kale ndi chipale chofewa. Kale, pakhala zochitika zina pomwe gulu lofufuza ndi kupeza mitembo silinathe kupeza mitemboyo.

Kodi chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa ku Death Zone pa Everest ndi chiyani?

Kuyambira mu 1922 mpaka nyengo ya masika ya 2023, okwera mapiri okwana 318 anamwalira pamene ankayesa kukwera phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mwa anthu 318 omwe anamwalira, 193 anali okwera phiri pomwe 125 anali otsogolera gulu la oyenda m'mapiri. Malinga ndi deta ya Himalayan Database, chiŵerengero cha anthu omwe amafa m'mapiri a Everest ndi pafupifupi 6.2 pachaka. Pakati pa anthu onse omwe amafa ku Everest, kuphulika kwa chipale chofewa komanso kugwa kuchokera panjira yokwera phirili kwapha anthu opitilira 70+ m'mapiri a phirili. Kutopa ndi matenda a mapiri akuluakulu akutenga malo achitatu ndi achinayi ndi anthu opitilira 30+ omwe amafa.

Mofananamo, kukhudzidwa ndi nyengo yokwera kwambiri kwaphanso miyoyo ya anthu opitilira 25+, ndipo imfa zina zimagwirizana ndi matenda ena omwe si a AMS. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha imfa zonse pa kukwera kwa ulendo wa Everest chili pa 1% ndi 4% pakuyesera bwino komwe kuli kotsika poyerekeza ndi mapiri ena ovuta, sizikutanthauza kuti kukwera kumeneku kufika pamwamba pa dziko lapansi sikovuta kwenikweni. Nyengo ndi momwe zinthu zilili pamapiri a Everest sizingadziwike, sizitenga nthawi kuti zinthu zisinthe kuchoka pakungowoneka zoipa. Pa imfa zonse pa Everest, chiwerengero chachikulu cha imfa paphirichi chakhala mkati mwa malo ofera.

Kodi mpweya wanu ungachepe bwanji musanamwalire?

Ponena za kuthana ndi malo ofera pa Everest, ili ndi limodzi mwa mafunso omwe afufuzidwa kwambiri. Mwachidule, thupi la munthu limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamene mpweya wokwanira m'thupi uli pamwamba pa 90% . Kugwira ntchito kwa thupi sikulephereka ngakhale mpweya wokwanira utatsika kufika pa 85% , pamene mukukwera pamwamba, mpweya wokwanira umakhala pafupifupi 85%-86% zomwe zimakhala zachilendo kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino. Koma mpweya wokwanira m'thupi lanu utayamba kutsika pansi pa zimenezo, vutoli likhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Ngati mpweya wanu wa okosijeni watsika pansi pa 55% , ndiye kuti pali mwayi waukulu woti izi zingayambitse kukomoka kapena kufa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake paulendo wautali, mpweya wanu wa okosijeni umayesedwa nthawi zambiri kuti udziwe momwe zinthu zilili ndi kukwera kwa phiri.

Mukhozanso ndimakonda:

• Everest View Trek
• Ulendo wa Everest Gokyo Ri
• Everest Cho La Pass Trek

Kutsiliza

Malo ofera anthu kudera la Everest awonedwa kuti ndi oopsa kwa anthu okwera mapiri padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya ndi mavuto omwe munthu amakumana nawo atadutsa mamita 8000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Munthu amafunika kuphunzitsidwa mokwanira kuti amalize ulendo wake wokwera phiri. Anthu ambiri omwe anamwalira kudera la Everest, mpaka pano, apezeka pamwamba pa malo ofera anthu omwe adamwalira, zomwe ndi chifukwa chake dzina lake ladziwika. Munthu wokwera mapiri amene akufuna kupita patsogolo pa mamita 8000 ayenera kukumbukira kuti kukhala m'mapiri kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa thupi komanso imfa!